Energía para una sociedad post-carbono sostenible
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04295.12APalabras clave:
Mix 100% renovable, potencial renovable, TRE, límites materiales, economía post-carbonoResumen
Una forma posible de evitar el riesgo de declive energético y luchar contra el cambio climático sería construir un sistema energético global 100% renovable. Un sistema de energía renovable (ER) se podría escalar hasta el rango de 12 terawatios de electricidad (TWe) si el 10% de las plataformas continentales fueran explotadas con molinos flotantes hasta profundidades de unos 225 m, 5% de los continentes con turbinas terrestres, y el 5% de los principales desiertos fueran utilizados para estaciones de concentración solar (CSP). Sin embargo, una economía electrificada a nivel mundial no puede crecer muy por encima de 12 TWE sin acercarse al límite de las reservas globales de cobre. Los paneles fotovoltaicos (PV) de silicio más recientes no utilizan metalizaciones de plata y podrían contribuir con hasta 1 TW de energía residencial descentralizada. La hidroelectricidad tiene un potencial de 1 TW aunque una fracción de ello tendría que ser sacrificado con fines de almacenamiento de energía. Hidroelectricidad, CSP, energía de las olas y redes integradas de escala continental pueden ser suficientes para ajustar la oferta a la demanda, evitando la intermitencia. El nuevo mix eléctrico tendría una Tasa de Retorno Energético (TRE) de alrededor de 18, un 25% menos que la TRE actual estimada. Eso debería ser suficiente para sostener una economía industrializada, siempre que la sustitución de los combustibles fósiles por electricidad se haga de forma inteligente.
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