Evidencias en el ADN mitocondrial reflejan una incipiente estructuración poblacional en el mero guasa del Atlántico (Epinephelus itajara, Epinephelidae) en Brasil

Autores/as

  • Júnio S. Damasceno Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia Ambiental, Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Base Oceanográfica, UFES - Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - Laboratório de Genética da Conservação, Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia de Vertebrados, PUCMINAS - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais
  • Raquel Siccha-Ramirez Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista - Laboratorio Costero de Tumbes, Instituto del Mar del Perú, IMARPE
  • Millke J.A. Morales Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista
  • Claudio Oliveira Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista
  • Rodrigo A. Torres Laboratório de Genômica Evolutiva e Ambiental, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
  • Edvaldo N. Costa Centro de Pesquisa e Conservação da Biodiversidade do Nordeste, CEPENE/ICMBio
  • Gláucia C. Silva-Oliveira Laboratório de Evolução, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Campus Universitário de Bragança, UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará
  • Marcelo Vallinoto Laboratório de Evolução, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Campus Universitário de Bragança, UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará - InBIO/CIBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto
  • Leonardo F. Machado Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, UFES, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
  • Vander C. Tosta Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, UFES, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
  • Ana Paula C. Farro Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, UFES, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
  • Maurício Hostim-Silva Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, UFES, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04203.20A

Palabras clave:

especie en peligro crítico, flujo génico, diversidad genética, peces marinos, Océano Atlántico Oeste

Resumen


El mero guasa del Atlántico está críticamente en peligro, habita en ambientes estuarinos y arrecifes, los cuáles están amenazados principalmente por las actividades de pesca y la destrucción de su hábitat. A pesar de la necesidad urgente de protección, su estado de conservación genética aún es desconocido. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el flujo génico entre las poblaciones de esta especie a lo largo de la costa de Brasil analizando la variabilidad genética de la región control del ADN mitocondrial. Los resultados indican baja diversidad haplotípica (0.40-0.86), y una muy baja diversidad nucleotídica (0.1-0.5%). Además se observa que la diversidad genética de la especie varía considerablemente a lo largo de la costa y este resultado puede ser especialmente relevante para la identificación de áreas prioritarias de conservación. Los análisis poblacionales indican un bajo, pero significativo grado de estructuración genética (ΦST =0.111), lo cual es probablemente debido a la ocurrencia de haplótipos raros en algunas localidades, aunque la diferenciación genética entre sitios no está correlacionada con la distancia geográfica (r=0.0501; p=0.7719), y los haplotipos compartidos indican que el flujo génico ocurre entre todas las localidades a lo largo de la costa brasileña. Los resultados de la distancia dos a dos indican un FST de alto grado de diferenciación genética entre las localidades. La incipiente estructuración poblacional detectada en este estudio no está relacionada sistemáticamente con las características biogeográficas de la costa brasileña. La compleja interacción de las fluctuaciones en el nivel del mar, las corrientes marinas, y las características reproductivas de la especie dificultan la identificación del rol específico de cada uno de estos procesos en la dinámica del flujo genético de las diferentes unidades poblacionales del mero guasa del Atlántico. Los bajos niveles generales de la diversidad genética, los valores de FST dos a dos, y la significante estructuración poblacional entre los grupos (ΦCT) identificada en el presente estudio, todo refuerza el estado de peligro crítico de la especie y son inconsistentes con la existencia de una simple, población panmíctica de meros guasa de la costa brasileña. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que, a pesar de que puede ser incipiente, la estructuración genética observada debe ser tenida en cuenta con el fin de evitar problemas potenciales, tales como la depresión exogámica, cuando se maneja poblaciones silvestres.

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2015-12-30

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Damasceno JS, Siccha-Ramirez R, Morales MJ, Oliveira C, Torres RA, Costa EN, Silva-Oliveira GC, Vallinoto M, Machado LF, Tosta VC, Farro APC, Hostim-Silva M. Evidencias en el ADN mitocondrial reflejan una incipiente estructuración poblacional en el mero guasa del Atlántico (Epinephelus itajara, Epinephelidae) en Brasil. Sci. mar. [Internet]. 30 de diciembre de 2015 [citado 11 de mayo de 2024];79(4):419-2. Disponible en: https://scientiamarina.revistas.csic.es/index.php/scientiamarina/article/view/1600

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