Abundancia de juveniles de especies comerciales en hábitats costeros. El caso del golfo Ártabro (NO España)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05648.115Palabras clave:
zonas de cría, juveniles, especies comerciales, hábitats costeros, Golfo Ártabro, noroeste Península IbéricaResumen
Una amplia variedad de especies utiliza los hábitats costeros en alguna o todas las etapas de su ciclo de vida. Estos hábi-tats se reconocen como criaderos para muchas especies. Durante las primeras etapas de vida, la mayoría de las especies explotadas comercialmente dependen de aguas costeras poco profundas, las cuales están fuertemente afectadas por influencias antropogéni-cas. Este estudio se centra en caracterizar los hábitats de los peces juveniles de las principales especies comerciales del golfo de Ártabro (NO España), mediante el análisis de datos de campañas de arrastre realizadas sobre sustratos blandos entre 2017 y 2024. Se emplearon modelos aditivos generalizados para cuantificar la influencia de variables ambientales (exposición, tipo de sustrato, profundidad del fondo, zona y estación) en la abundancia de cinco especies bentónicas de importancia ecológica y comercial en su etapa juvenil. Nuestros resultados identificaron la zona de Ares-Betanzos como la principal zona de cría debido a sus condiciones protegidas, lo que dio lugar a mayores densidades de juveniles. La exposición y la profundidad fueron los factores determinantes más importantes: las áreas protegidas tenían densidades ocho veces superiores a las de las zonas expuestas, y la máxima abundan-cia se registró a profundidades de 30-40 m. Entre las especies analizadas, el centollo y el tambor mostraron preferencia por aguas someras (menos de 20 m de profundidad), mientras que la peluda prefirió los sedimentos fangosos. Estos hallazgos proporcionan una base científica para el establecimiento de medidas de conservación, como vedas estacionales o la designación de áreas marinas protegidas en aguas poco profundas. Esto garantizará la sostenibilidad de los recursos pesqueros de la región.
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