Hidden in the crowd: re-evaluation of the generic status of the Antarctic sea pen Kophobelemnon molanderi (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Pennatuloidea), a molecular and morphological approach

Pablo J.  López González; Yuka Kushida

doi:10.3989/scimar.05406.087

Autores/as

Pablo J. López González Biodiversidad y Ecología Acuática. Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-6270
Yuka Kushida Faculty of Geo-Environmental Science, Rissho University - Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6832-7830

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05406.087

Palabras clave:

Océano Austral, biodiversidad, corales, nuevo género, Scotiabelemnon, enfoque morfológico y molecular

Resumen

Nuestro conocimiento sobre la diversidad de octocorales antárticos está aún lejos de ser completo. Especímenes recientemente recolectados de la pluma de mar antártica Kophobelemnon molanderi Pasternak, 1975 han permitido una descripción morfológica y molecular detallada de esta especie. Los resultados de este estudio, como la diversidad y distribución completa del escleroma, la distribución de autozooides y sifonozooides, y las secuencias de tres marcadores mitocondriales (mtMutS, COI, ND2) y un marcador nuclear (28S), contribuyeron a revelar las complejas relaciones de los géneros Kophobelemnon Asbjoørnsen, 1856 y Funiculina Lamarck, 1816, un hecho inicialmente encontrado en algunos trabajos recientes sobre la taxonomía y filogenia de este grupo de octocorales altamente derivado. Las secuencias atribuidas al género Kophobelemnon se dividieron en tres grupos diferentes. Dos de estos grupos se reconocen aquí simplemente como Kophobelemnon I y Kophobelemnon II, a la espera de una mayor revisión morfológica y molecular. El grupo hermano de Kophobelemnon I fue el género Funiculina. El tercer grupo, correspondiente a las secuencias de K. molanderi, se asigna aquí a un nuevo género, Scotiabelemnon gen. nov. Se discute la delimitación familiar y las relaciones de las familias Kophobelemnidae Gray, 1860, Funiculinidae Gray 1860, y Gyrophyllidae López-González, Drewery y Williams, 2022. Finalmente, se propone fusionar Kophobelemnidae y Funiculinidae, dejando solo dos familias dentro del Cado III, Funiculinidae y Gyrophyllidae.

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