Dinámicas espacio-temporales en los descartes de la pesca de arrastre en el Mediterráneo Oriental
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05431.086Palabras clave:
arrastre, descarte por unidad de esfuerzo, Mediterráneo, modeladoResumen
En este estudio se analizan de forma exhaustiva los datos de descartes de la pesca de arrastre para la flota de pesca comercial turca del mar Egeo. El área de estudio abarca la costa turca del mar Egeo desde la Bahía de Saros (Norte) hasta la Bahía de Güllük (Sur) y los datos se recopilaron de los caladeros de arrastre entre abril de 2010 y 2012. Se prestó especial atención al descarte por unidad de esfuerzo (DPUE) y a la proporción de descarte. Se utilizaron técnicas de Modelos Aditivos Generalizados (GAMs) con la familia Tweedie y la función de enlace logarítmico para examinar varias variables predictoras (duración, estación, profundidad, longitud y latitud) sobre el DPUE de la captura total. La proporción de descarte varió de 0,01 en invierno en Çanakkale a 0,90 en verano en Güllük. La proporción total de descarte fué 0,33 para los datos agrupados. Los valores de DPUE variaron entre 0,2 kg h–1 en otoño en Sığacık y 45,5 kg h–1 en primavera en Güllük, con un valor medio de 7,6±5,7 kg h–1. El modelado de los valores de DPUE en relación a la estación y coordenadas reveló diferencias espaciotemporales. La relación entre la variable dependiente (DPUE) y la variable independiente (profundidad) mostró fluctuaciones, sin embargo, la duración del lance mostró una tendencia decreciente en el modelo. Se determinó que se obtuvo una cantidad considerable de descartes de arrastre en el mar Egeo. Los resultados de este trabajo deben considerarse para crear una política regional de descarte y un plan de gestión en el Mediterráneo oriental.
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