Pasado, presente y futuro de la Circulación Meridional Atlántica de Retorno

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05592.109

Palabras clave:

circulación meridional Atlántica de retorno, clima global, cambios paleoclimáticos, datos instrumentales, modelos climáticos globales, sistemas complejos, ciencia del sistema terrestre, Tierra viva

Resumen


El clima global ha experimentado cambios paleoclimáticos sustanciales, como la ritmicidad entre los períodos glaciales e interglaciales durante los últimos 3 millones de años. Estos cambios implican la existencia de grandes variaciones en la distribución latitudinal del calor, con una circulación meridional Atlántica de retorno (CMAR) cambiante que probablemente desempeñó un papel importante para la transición de la Tierra entre distintos estados climáticos. El calentamiento y deshielo por causa antropogénica del Atlántico Norte subpolar están causando ahora que sus aguas superficiales sean más boyantes, abriendo la posibilidad de una ruptura de la CMAR que podría llevar a la Tierra hacia un nuevo estado climático. El debate está abierto: los datos instrumentales disponibles nos indican que la CMAR se ha mantenido bastante estable durante las últimas dos décadas, mientras que los modelos climáticos globales acoplados predicen un debilitamiento moderado durante este siglo. Además, las estadísticas de teoría compleja para algunos índices oceánicos regionales, que supuestamente son indicadores de la intensidad de la CMAR, sugieren que la CMAR podría estar acercándose a un punto de inflexión hacia el colapso, que ocurriría en las próximas décadas. Más aun, el creciente desequilibrio energético radiativo de la Tierra, causado principalmente por el aumento de los gases atmosféricos de tipo invernadero, ocasiona que se estén almacenando enormes cantidades de energía en el océano, que se distribuirán y liberarán de maneras aún desconocidas, lo cual probablemente afectará la AMOC. Si bien los datos in situ disponibles son robustos, la diversidad de análisis nos advierte que las transiciones podrían ocurrir más rápido de lo previsto por los modelos numéricos, instándonos a que dejemos de hipotecar el planeta Tierra para las generaciones futuras.

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2025-09-30

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Pelegrí JL. Pasado, presente y futuro de la Circulación Meridional Atlántica de Retorno. Sci. mar. [Internet]. 30 de septiembre de 2025 [citado 2 de agosto de 2026];89(3):e109. Disponible en: https://scientiamarina.revistas.csic.es/index.php/scientiamarina/article/view/5592

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