The use of selected biomarkers, fatty acid and histopathology features to detect the possible toxic effects of the penconazole-containing fungicide Topas on marine clam siphons (Ruditapes decussatus)

Boutheina Ben Abdallah; Safa Bejaoui; Wafa Trabelsi; Dalya Belhassen; Zeineb Khila; Samir  Boubaker; Chayma  Ben Fayala; Nejla  Soudani

doi:10.3989/scimar.05562.095

Autores/as

Boutheina Ben Abdallah Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms (LR18ES41), Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0139-4876
Safa Bejaoui Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms (LR18ES41), Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7946-2763
Wafa Trabelsi Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms (LR18ES41), Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1114-4080
Dalya Belhassen Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms (LR18ES41), Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5518-1435
Zeineb Khila Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms (LR18ES41), Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Continental Environments, UMR 7360 LIEC CNRS University of Lorraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7603-1557
Samir Boubaker Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Department of Human and Experimental Anatomy Pathology https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5653-2936
Chayma Ben Fayala Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Department of Human and Experimental Anatomy Pathology https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1728-1988
Nejla Soudani Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms (LR18ES41), Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar - Department of Basic Sciences, Physiology and Functional Explorations Section, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7652-9678

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05562.095

Palabras clave:

Ruditapes decussatus, sifones, estado de antioxidantes, perfil de ácidos grasos, características histopatológicas, Topas

Resumen

El uso generalizado de pesticidas en la agricultura tiene el potencial de dañar de manera difusa a criaturas no objetivo y contaminar los hábitats acuáticos a través de eventos de lixiviación y escorrentía. Los triazoles se encuentran entre los fungicidas más utilizados en todo el mundo debido a su eficacia contra enfermedades fúngicas de los cultivos y su amplio espectro de acción. En este estudio, se examinó experimentalmente el impacto de Topas en el sistema de defensa antioxidante, la composición de ácidos grasos y las lesiones histopatológicas en tres concentraciones (4, 40 y 400 µg L^-1) durante 96 horas en sifones de Ruditapes decussatus. Nuestros resultados mostraron que la exposición a Topas indujo una disminución significativa en los niveles de ácidos grasos saturados. Sin embargo, se observó un aumento de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados y poliinsaturados, principalmente los ácidos eicosapentaenoico (C20:5n-3), docosahexaenoico (C22:6n-3) y araquidónico (C20:4n-6). La exposición a Topas mejoró los niveles de peróxido de hidrógeno, malondialdehído y carbonilos proteicos, además de alterar el estado antioxidante (enzimático y no enzimático) en todas las almejas tratadas. La actividad de la acetilcolinesterasa se inhibió con el aumento de las concentraciones de Topas. Finalmente, los cambios histopatológicos detectados en los animales tratados variaron de manera dependiente de la concentración y aquí fueron consistentes con los resultados bioquímicos. Nuestros hallazgos arrojan nueva luz sobre la relación entre el estado redox y los cambios en la composición de los ácidos grasos, lo que nos permite comprender la toxicidad provocada por Topas.

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