Nueva perspectiva sobre la estructura genética de una especie icónica: la langosta roja Palinurus elephas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05539.106Palabras clave:
Palinurus elephas, Mediterráneo, microsatélites, pesquerías, genética, gestión de stocksResumen
La langosta roja (Palinurus elephas, Fabricius 1787) es tanto un recurso económico clave como una especie marina costera de interés para la conservación en el mar Mediterráneo, principalmente debido a la sobrepesca. Con el fin de mejorar el conocimiento biológico de esta especie y apoyar la integración de la gestión pesquera con los esfuerzos de conservación, se llevó a cabo un estudio genético en poblaciones localizadas alrededor de la isla de Córcega (Francia, mar Mediterráneo). Se recolectaron un total de 85 individuos en cinco sitios de muestreo, en colaboración con asociaciones locales de pescadores. Estos ejemplares fueron genotipados utilizando 21 loci de microsatélites. Adicionalmente, se incluyeron 15 individuos de la costa atlántica (Bretaña, Francia) como grupo externo. Los análisis genéticos revelaron bajos niveles de diferenciación entre las muestras corsas, sin evidencia de estructuración genética geográfica ni aislamiento por distancia en la isla. De manera inesperada, la población atlántica no mostró una divergencia genética marcada con respecto a las poblaciones mediterráneas. Sin embargo, se detectó una desviación significativa del panmixis en el conjunto de las muestras. El análisis de partición de la variación, mediante análisis de redundancia, sugiere que este patrón probablemente se debe a eventos irregulares de reclutamiento anual, procedentes de múltiples agregaciones reproductivas, lo que genera una diferenciación genética sutil entre ubicaciones y cohortes anuales.
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