Comunidades batiales infaunales de una montaña submarina (Banco de Galicia, Atlántico nororiental)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05514.088Palabras clave:
infauna bentónica, fondos blandos, Banco de Galicia, montaña submarina, aguas profundas, Atlántico NororientalResumen
Las montañas submarinas son elevaciones topográficas aisladas que se elevan abruptamente desde el fondo oceánico y se caracterizan por una alta heterogeneidad espacial y complejidad topográfica. Ofrecen un gran número de microhábitats que favorecen la diversidad faunística, así como las zonas de alimentación y desove de los peces. A pesar del creciente interés de la investigación sobre las montañas submarinas, la mayoría de las veces se centra en el estudio de grandes suspensívoros o en las poblaciones de peces, y no tiene en cuenta la infauna. En este trabajo se estudia la diversidad macrobentónica de la infauna y la distribución de los hábitats sedimentarios del Banco de Galicia (Noroeste Ibérico), así como su relación con el ambiente. Se muestrearon 28 estaciones (683-2274 m de profundidad) y se identificaron más de 1300 especímenes pertenecientes a 182 taxones, en su mayoría poliquetos (67 % del total). Los sedimentos fueron principalmente arenosos (arenas medias, finas y muy finas), con bajos niveles de materia orgánica. A través de análisis multivariantes se encontraron tres grandes agrupaciones macrobentónicas: A, de profundidades medias y las abundancias más bajas; B, con las profundidades más someras, arenas medias y abundancias intermedias; y C, la más diversa, la más profunda y con los sedimentos más finos. La profundidad, el contenido en fango y el tamaño medio de grano fueron las variables que mejor se relacionaron con los patrones de distribución de la macrofauna, separando los ambientes poco profundos con arenas medias de los más profundos con sedimentos más finos.
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