Assessing changes in size at maturity for the European hake (Merluccius merluccius) in Atlantic Iberian waters

Davinia  Lojo; Marta  Cousido-Rocha; Santiago  Cerviño; Rosario  Dominguez-Petit; María  Sainza; Maria Grazia  Pennino

doi:10.3989/scimar.05287.046

Autores/as

Davinia Lojo Centro Tecnológico del Mar-Fundación CETMAR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1145-9776
Marta Cousido-Rocha Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4587-8808
Santiago Cerviño Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4146-0890
Rosario Dominguez-Petit Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-6848
María Sainza Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1432-1123
Maria Grazia Pennino Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7577-2617

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05287.046

Palabras clave:

Oscilación del Atlántico Norte, historia de vida, rasgos reproductivos, factor de condición relativa, población del sur de Europa

Resumen

La merluza europea (Merluccius merluccius) es un recurso comercialmente importante en aguas Atlánticas Ibéricas. A pesar del plan de recuperación puesto en marcha en 2006 y del plan de gestión plurianual de las aguas occidentales, la mortalidad por pesca sigue siendo superior a la correspondiente al rendimiento máximo sostenible de la población de merluza del sur de Europa. Comprender los procesos biológicos que subyacen a la dinámica de este stock y proporcionar información sobre los rasgos de la historia de vida es fundamental para evaluar la productividad y la resiliencia de la población, convirtiéndolos en información básica para la gestión. Analizamos la variabilidad temporal de la talla de madurez (L₅₀) y los principales factores que influyen en ella, desde 1982 hasta 2019 en aguas Atlánticas Ibéricas. La variabilidad anual de L₅₀ para cada sexo se modeló con Modelos Aditivos Generalizados considerando variables ambientales explicativas (Oscilación Multidecadal del Atlántico, Oscilación del Atlántico Norte y Temperatura Superficial del Mar), y variables biológicas (biomasa, biomasa reproductora por talla y factor de condición relativo). Los resultados mostraron que la de los machos disminuyó en un total de 12,9 cm y la L₅₀ de las hembras disminuyó en un total de 10,9 cm de 1982 a 2019. Para las hembras las variables explicativas significativas fueron año, biomasa de desove por talla, biomasa y NAO, mientras que para los machos solo el año. Estos resultados son importantes para comprender el estado de la población de merluza europea, lo que destaca que la L₅₀ es un buen indicador para predecir la dinámica futura de la población.

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