Parámetros biológicos, ecología y tendencias poblacionales de la raya endémica del Mediterráneo, Raja polystigma, en las Islas Baleares
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05234.033Palabras clave:
raya manchada, biología, reproducción y condición, dieta, fecundidad, distribución, indicadores de población, Mediterráneo OccidentalResumen
os elasmobranquios son un grupo vulnerable que ha sido sobreexplotado durante casi medio siglo en el Mediterráneo. Sin embargo, pocas especies de elasmobranquios han sido evaluadas ya que falta la información sobre la biología básica de muchas especies. Raja polystigma es una raya endémica del Mediterráneo muy poco estudiada. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer algunos parámetros biológicos básicos de esta raya en las Islas Baleares. La información fue obtenida de capturas comerciales y durante las campañas oceanográficas MEDITS. La longitud total varió entre 17 y 59 cm para ambos sexos, con una mayor proporción de hembras que de machos. Las relaciones alométricas y morfométricas fueron diferentes entre sexos, con hembras más pesadas para la misma talla. Las hembras maduraron a una mayor talla que los machos (L50 47.7cm and 38.4 cm, respectivamente). La fecundidad potencial osciló entre 11 y 45 ovocitos vitelados por hembra, y el desove se observó principalmente en invierno y primavera. Se detectaron hotspots persistentes de adultos y juveniles en la plataforma al noroeste de Mallorca y al este de Menorca, con adultos principalmente en áreas someras y juveniles en áreas más profundas. Las series temporales de abundancia y frecuencia de aparición mostraron tendencias estables a lo largo del período estudiado (2003-2018).
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