Seasonal dynamics of occurrence and group size of three species of cetaceans (Delphinidae and Phocoenidae) on the southwestern coast of the Black Sea

Nastassia Uluduz; Alexey Yanchukov; Mustafa Sözen

doi:10.3989/scimar.05086.21A

Autores/as

Nastassia Uluduz Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Systematics https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7366-0267
Alexey Yanchukov Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Systematics https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9613-8770
Mustafa Sözen Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Systematics https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1911-605X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05086.21A

Palabras clave:

mar Negro, delfín común, delfín mular, marsopa común, dinámica estacional, series de tiempo, tamaño del grupo

Resumen

La presencia espacial y temporal de cetáceos en el mar Negro, particularmente a lo largo de su costa suroeste, está poco estudiada. Con base en un total de 609 encuentros, presentamos el análisis de la dinámica mensual de (1) el número de avistamientos de cetáceos y (2) el tamaño del respectivo grupo, para las tres especies de cetáceos del mar Negro: el delfín mular (Tursiops truncatus), el delfín común (Delphinus delphis) y la marsopa común (Phocoena phocoena), durante un período continuo de 29 meses (entre enero de 2018 y mayo de 2020) desde dos puntos de observación costeros fijos cerca de la ciudad de Zonguldak, Turquía. Se encontraron fluctuaciones estacionales en la ocurrencia de las tres especies, con picos en abril-mayo (primavera). Los grupos más grandes de P. phocoena y T. truncatus se registraron a fines de la primavera y principios del verano, mientras que los de D. delphis tuvieron un pico en julio (verano). En el caso de las marsopas comunes, especulamos que estas variaciones pueden explicarse por las migraciones anuales desde las aguas del noroeste al sur del Mar Negro, mientras que la dinámica estacional de las dos especies de Delphinidae podría depender de la disponibilidad de peces para captura. Si bien nuestros datos se recopilaron localmente, los resultados brindan una mejor comprensión de la ecología de los cetáceos en todo el mar Negro.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Barker J., Berrow S. 2016. Temporal and spatial variation in group size of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Shannon Estuary, Ireland. Biol. Environ. Proc. R. Ir. Acad. 116: 63-70. https://doi.org/10.3318/bioe.2016.5

Baş A.A., Öztürk B., Amaha Öztürk A. 2019. Encounter rate, residency pattern and site fidelity of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) within the Istanbul Strait, Turkey. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 99: 1009-1016. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315418000577

Birkun A.A. Jr. 2006. Cetaceans. In: Zaitsev Y.P., Aleksandrov B.G., et a (eds), The North-Western Part of the Black Sea: Biology and Ecology. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, Ukraine, pp. 314- 332. (In Russian).

Birkun A. Jr., Northridge S.P., Willsteed E.A., et al. 2014. Studies for Carrying Out the Common Fisheries Policy: Adverse Fisheries Impacts on Cetacean Populations in the Black Sea. Final report to the European Commission. Brussels, Belgium, 347 pp.

Bouveroux T.N., Caputo M., Froneman P.W., et al. 2018. Largest reported groups for the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) found in Algoa Bay, South Africa: Trends and potential drivers. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 34: 645-665. https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12471

Black Sea Commission (BSC). 2008. State of the Environment of the Black Sea (2001-2006/7). In: Oğuz T. (ed.), Publications of the Commission on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution (BSC) 2008-3. Istambul, Turkey. 448 pp.

Çelikkale M.S., Karacam H., Düzgünes E., et al. 1989. Size and distribution of dolphin populations in the Black Sea. Turkish. J. Zool. 13: 189- 196.

Clarke R.H., Gales R., Schulz M. 2017. Land-based observations of cetaceans and a review of recent strandings at subantarctic Macquarie Island. Aust. Mammal. 39: 248-253. https://doi.org/10.1071/AM16007

Conover W.J., Iman R.L. 1981. Rank transformations as a bridge between parametric and non-parametric statistics. Am. Stat. 35: 124-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.1981.10479327

Dede A., Tonay A.M. 2010. Cetacean Sightings in the Western Black Sea in Autumn 2007. J. Environ. Prot. Ecol. 11: 1491-1494.

Dede A., Öztürk A.A., Akamatsu T., et al. 2014. Long-term passive acoustic monitoring revealed seasonal and diel patterns of cetacean presence in the Istanbul Strait. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 94: 1195-1202. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315413000568

Elliser C.R., MacIver K.H., Green M. 2017. Group characteristics, site fidelity, and photo-identification of harbor porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, in Burrows Pass, Fidalgo Island, Washington. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 34: 365-384. https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12459

Genov T., Centrih T., Kotnjek P., et al. 2019. Behavioural and temporal partitioning of dolphin social groups in the northern Adriatic Sea. Mar. Biol. 166: 11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-018-3450-8 PMid:30613111 PMCid:PMC6299055

Gibson Q.A., Mann J. 2008. The size, composition and function of wild bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops sp.) mother-calf groups in Shark Bay, Australia. Anim. Behav. 76: 389-405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.01.022

Gladilina E.V. 2012. Observations of Cetaceans (Cetacea) in the waters of Karadag nature reserve and the adjacent waters. Scientific Notes TNU. Series "Biology, Chemistry" 25: 51-59. (In Russian).

Gladilina E.V., Gol'din P.E. 2014. New prey fishes in diet of Black Sea bottlenose dolphin (Mammalia, Cetacea). Vestn. Zool. 48: 83-92. https://doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2014-0009

Gladilina E.V., Gol'din P.E. 2016. Abundance and Summer Distribution of a Local Stock of Black Sea Bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus (Cetacea, Delphinidae), in Coastal Waters near Sudak (Ukraina, Crimea). Vestn. Zool. 50: 49-56. https://doi.org/10.1515/vzoo-2016-0006

Gladilina E.V., Kukushkin O.V., Gol'din P.E. 2009. Current status of cetaceans in the waters of Karadag Natural Reserve. In: Gaevskaya A.V., Morozova A.L. (eds), Collection of scientific papers dedicated to the 95th anniversary of the Karadag scientific station and the 30th anniversary of Karadag Nature Reserve NAS Ukraine. ECOSY-Gidrofizika, Sevastopol, pp. 407-412.

Gladilina E.V., Lyashenko Y.N., Gol'din P.E. 2013. Winter distribution of cetaceans in the Black Sea and adjoining areas in 2012/2013. Scientific Notes TNU. Series "Biology, Chemistry" 26: 37-42.

Gol'din P., Gladilina E. 2015. Small dolphins in a small sea: age, growth and life-history aspects of the Black Sea common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus. Aquat. Biol. 23: 159-166. https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00617

Hammond P.S., Bearzi G., Bjørge A., et al. 2008. Delphinus delphis. In: IUCN 2020. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2020.1. Downloaded on 23 May 2020. http://www.iucnredlist.org

Heithaus M.R., Dill L. 2009. Feeding strategies and tactics. In: Perrin W.F., Wursig B., et al. (eds), The encyclopedia of marine mammals, 2nd edition. Academic Press, San Diego, California, pp. 414-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-373553-9.00099-7

Ivanov V.A., Belokopytov V.N. 2013. Oceanography of the Black Sea. National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Sevastopol, 210 pp.

Kerr K., Defran R., Campbell G. 2005. Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Drowned Cayes, Belize: Group Size, Site Fidelity and Abundance. Caribb. J. Sci. 41: 172-177.

Kleinenberg S.E. 1956. Mammals of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov: an Experience of Biological and Fisheries Research. USSR Acad. Science Publ. House, Moscow, 290 pp. (In Russian).

Kopaliani N., Gurielidze Z., Devidze N., et al. 2015. Monitoring of Black Sea Cetacean in Georgian Waters. Accessed on 17 May 2020 at https://chm.cbd.int/database/record?documentID=241761

Latif M.A., Özsoy E., Oğuz T., et al. 1991. Observations of the Mediterranean inflow into the Black Sea. Deep Sea Res. 38: 711-723. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0198-0149(10)80005-6

Learmonth J.A., Murphy S., Luque P.L., et al. 2014. Life history of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in Scottish (UK) waters. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 30: 1427-1455. https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12130

Marini C., Fossa F., Paoli C., et al. 2015. Predicting bottlenose dolphin distribution along Liguria coast (Northwestern Mediterranean Sea) through different modeling techniques and indirect predictors. J. Environ. Manage. 150: 9-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.11.008 PMid:25460419

Mikhalev Y.A. 2005a. The Peculiarities of the Distribution of Bottlenose Dolphin Tursiops truncatus (Cetacea) in the Black Sea. Vestn. Zool. 39: 29-42.

Mikhalev Y.A. 2005b. The Peculiarities of the Distribution of the Harbour Porpoise Phocoena phocoena relicta (Cetacea) in the Black Sea. Vestn. Zool. 39: 25-35.

Mikhalev Y.A. 2008. Results of observations on distribution of common dolphins in the Black Sea. In: Marine Mammals of the Holartic. Collection of Scientific Papers. Odessa, Ukraine, pp. 364-368.

Natoli A., Canadas A., Vaquero C., et al. 2008. Conservation genetics of the short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) in the Mediterranean Sea and in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean. Conserv. Genet. 9: 1479-1487. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-007-9481-1

Oğuz T. 2005. Hydraulic adjustments of the Bosphorus Exchange flow. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32: L06604. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022353

Paiu R.M., Olariu B., Paiu A.I., et al. 2019a. Cetaceans in the coastal waters of southern Romania: initial assessment of abundance, distribution, and seasonal trends. J. Black Sea/Medit. Environ. 25: 266-279.

Paiu R.M., Mirea-Candea M., Belmont J., et al. 2019b. CeNoBS - a step closer in completing a generation dream: Basin-wide survey of cetaceans in ACCOBAMS area. In: World Marine Mammals conference. Book of Abstracts. International Barcelona Convention Center, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 611-612.

Panayotova M., Todorova V. 2015a. Distribution of three cetacean species along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast in 2006-2013. J. Black Sea/Medit. Environ. 21: 45-53.

Panayotova M.D., Todorova V.R. 2015b. Using Opportunistic Sightings to Assess the Distribution of Small Cetaceans in Bulgarian Waters of the Black Sea in 2012. Acta Zool. Bulg. 67: 421-427.

Panayotova M., Marinova V., Slavova K., et al. 2017. Studying of the distribution and abundance of marine mammals in the Bulgarian Black Sea area by combination of visual and acoustic observations. Proc. Inst. Fish. Resour. 28: 34-40.

R Core Team. 2020. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.org

Reeves R., Notarbartolo di Sciara G. 2006. The status and distribution of cetaceans in the Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea. IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Malaga, Spain, 137 pp.

Rogan E., Ingram S., Holmes B., et al. 2000. A survey of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Shannon estuary. Mar. Resour. Ser. 9: 1-46.

Ryakov V., Panayotova M. 2012. Cetacean sightings of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast over the period 2006-2010. J. Environ. Prot. Ecol. 13: 1824-1835.

Sanchez-Cabanes A., Nimak-Wood M., Harris N., et al. 2017. Habitat preferences about three top predators inhabiting a degraded ecosystem, the Black Sea. Sci. Mar. 81: 217-227. https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04493.07A

Tenan S., Hernández N., Fearnbach H., et al. 2020. Impact of maritime traffic and whale-watching on apparent survival of bottlenose dolphins in the Strait of Gibraltar. Aquat. Conserv. 30: 949-958. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3292

Tezcan D., Yücel M., Çiftçi G. 2017. Geology and geophysics of the southern shelf of the Black Sea. In: Sezgin M., Bat L., et al. (eds), Sea Marine Environment: The Turkish Shelf. Turkish Marine Research Foundation, İstambul, Turkey, pp. 32-51.

Tonay A., Öztürk A.A. 2012. Historical records of cetacean fishery in the Turkish seas. J. Black Sea/Medit. Environ. 18: 388-399.

Tonay A.M., Uzun B., Dede A., et al. 2020. Population genetic structure of the short-beaked common dolphin from the Black Sea and the Turkish Straits System. Mitochondrial DNA Part A 31: 257-264. https://doi.org/10.1080/24701394.2020.1788008 PMid:32654598

Viaud-Martinez K.A., Milmer M.V., Gol'din P.E., et al. 2007. Morphological and genetic differentiation of the Black Sea harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 338: 281-294. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps338281

Viaud-Martinez K.A., Brownell R.L. Jr., Komnenouc A., et al. 2008. Genetic isolation and morphological divergence of Black Sea bottlenose dolphins. Biol. Conserv. 141: 1600-1611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.04.004

Vishnyakova K., Gol'din P. 2015. Seasonality of strandings and bycatch of harbour porpoises in the Sea of Azov: the effects of fisheries, weather conditions, and life history. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 72: 981-991. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu192

Uluduz N., Gladilina E., Yanchukov A., et al. 2019. Primary abundance estimation of the Black Sea cetaceans in the adjacent waters of Zonguldak, Turkey. In: EEBST 2019. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Symposium. Abstract Book. Ankara, Turkey, pp. 44.

Wittkowski K.M., Song T. 2012. MuStat: Prentice Rank Sum Test and McNemar Test. R package version 1.7.0. Downloaded on 15 May 2020. http://www.CRAN.R-project.org/package=muStat

Würsig B. 1978. Occurrence and group organization of Atlantic bottlenose porpoises (Tursiops truncatus) in an Argentine bay. Biol. Bull. 154: 348-359. https://doi.org/10.2307/1541132

Zaitsev Y. 2008. An Introduction to the Black Sea Ecology. Smil Ed. Publ. Agency Ltd., Odessa, 228 pp.