New records of seaweeds and filamentous cyanobacteria from Trindade Island: an updated checklist to support conservation guidelines and monitoring of environmental changes in the southern Atlantic archipelagos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05036.05AKeywords:
benthic algae, diversity monitoring, remote islands, taxonomy, marine conservation, climate changeAbstract
Oceanic islands are natural laboratories for investigating species diversity and richness patterns. Changes in abiotic parameters may induce shifts in marine biota. Seaweeds are recognized as bioindicators, though those from remote tropical islands have been rarely studied. This study updates the diversity, richness and distribution of macroalgae from Trindade, a Brazilian volcanic island located 1140 km off the coast. Biotic data, obtained in a global database and in situ and compiled in a new records list, were associated with abiotic parameters. Conservation and ecological issues were discussed in the context of the observed greater richness, expansion of the distributional range and low endemism. A total of 141 species were identified, including 60 new records and 20 taxa of filamentous cyanobacteria. The greater richness, including potential cryptogenic species, may primarily be associated with past incomplete samplings, current new techniques and combined taxonomical methods, including molecular analysis for cryptic species. However, on the macroscale, this study provides information for the re-evaluation of aspects of endemism, connections and biogeographical distribution shifts of seaweed assemblages, considering environmental changes. In addition, this updated checklist establishes a baseline for further comparative studies, reinforcing the hypothesis that biogeographical isolation can be disrupted by meteorological and oceanographic shifts, altering dispersal patterns and resulting in higher ecosystems connectivity.
Downloads
References
Almeida F.M. de. 2000. A Ilha de Trindade. In: Schobbenhaus C., Campos D.A., et al. (eds), Sítios Geológicos e Paleontológicos do Brasil. http://sigep.cprm.gov.br/sitio092/sitio092.htm
Almeida F.F.M. de. 2002. Ilha de Trindade - Registro de vulcanismo cenozóico no Atlântico Sul. In: Schobbenhaus C., Campos D.A., et al. (eds), Sítios Geológicos e Paleontológicos do Brasil. DNPM/CPRM - Comissão Brasileira de Sítios Geológicos e Paleobiológicos (SIGEP), Brasilia, pp. 369-377.
Almeida F.F.M. de. 2006. Ilhas oceânicas brasileiras e suas relações com a tectônica atlântica. Terrae Didat. 2: 3-18. https://doi.org/10.20396/td.v2i1.8637462
Afonso-Carrillo J., Sansón M., Sangil C., et al. 2007. New records of benthic marine algae from the Canary Islands (eastern Atlantic Ocean): morphology, taxonomy and distribution. Bot. Mar. 50: 119-127. https://doi.org/10.1515/BOT.2007.014
Alves R.J.V. 1998. Ilha da Trindade & Arquipélago Martin Vaz: Um Ensaio Geobotânico. Serviço de Documentação da Marinha, Rio de Janeiro, 144 pp.
Amado-Filho G.M., Pereira-Filho G.H., Bahia R.G., et al. 2012. Occurrence and distribution of rhodolith beds on the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago of Brazil. Aquat. Bot. 101: 41-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2012.03.016
Araújo R., Bárbara I., Tibaldo M., et al. 2009. Checklist of benthic marine algae and cyanobacteria of northern Portugal. Bot. Mar. 52: 24-46. https://doi.org/10.1515/BOT.2009.026
Azevedo C. 2016. Diversidade e Filogenia da Ordem Halymeniales (Rhodophyta) no litoral do Brasil. PhD thesis. Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Botânica. 217 pp.
Barnes DKA, Brown J, Brickle P, et al. 2015. Marine biodiversity of Ascension Island's shelf; scientific support for a marine protected area. Unpublished JR15003 cruise report, British Antarctic Survey.
Borregaard M.K., Amorim I.R., Borges P.A.V., et al. 2016. Oceanic island biogeography through the lens of the general dynamic model: Assessment and prospect. Biol. Rev. 92: 830-853. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12256 PMid:26923215
Brasileiro P.S., Pereira-Filho G.H., Bahia R.G., et al. 2016. Macroalgal composition and community structure of the largest rhodolith beds in the world. Mar. Biodivers. 46: 407-420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-015-0378-9
Buonomo R., Chefaouib R.M., Lacidac R.B., et al. 2018. Predicted extinction of unique genetic diversity in marine forests of Cystoseira spp. Mar. Environ. Res. 138: 119-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.04.013 PMid:29716751
Burgos D.C. 2011. Composição e estrutura das comunidades em macroalgas do infralitoral do arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco - Brasil, com ênfase nas calcárias incrustantes. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Tese de doutorado. 94 pp.
Burgos D.C., Pereira S.M.B., Bandeira-Pedrosa M.E. 2009. Levantamento florístico das Rodofíceas do Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo (ASPSP) - Brasil. Acta Bot. Brasilica 23: 1110-1118. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062009000400020
Calliari L.J., Pereira P.S., Short A.D., et al. 2016. Sandy Beaches of Brazilian Oceanic Islands. Brazilian Beach Syst. 17: 543-571. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30394-9_19
Cordeiro-Marino M. 1978. Rodofíceas bentônicas marinhas do estado de Santa Catarina, Rickia. Séríe criptogâmica dos Arquivos de Botânica do Estado de São Paulo. Secretaria da Agricultura, Coordenadoria da Pesquisa de Recursos Naturais, Instituto de Botânica. São Paulo.
Costa Jr. O.S., Attrill M.J., Pedrini A.G., et al. 2002. Spatial and seasonal distribution of seaweeds on coral reefs from Southern Bahia, Brazil. Bot. Mar. 45: 346-355. https://doi.org/10.1515/BOT.2002.035
Coto A.C.S.P. 2007. Biodiversidade de Clorófitas Marinhas bentônicas do litoral do estado de São Paulo, Dissertação de Mestrado, Instituto de Botânica, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, Programa de Mestrado em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente. 171 pp.
Crispino L.M.B. 2007. Benthic marine Cyanobacteria from the coast of São Paulo. PhD thesis, Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente. São Paulo, Brasil. 154 pp.
Crispino L.M.B., Sant'anna C.L. 2006. Cianobactérias marinhas bentônicas de ilhas costeiras do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Rev. Bras. Bot. 29. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-84042006000400014
Dawes J.C., Mathieson A.C. 2003. A Guide to the Seaweeds of Florida. J. Phycol. 38: 5-6. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.38.s1.15.x
Diez García Y.L., Jover Capote A., Suárez Alfonso A.M., et al. 2013. Distribution of epiphytic macroalgae on the thalli of their hosts in Cuba. Acta Bot. Brasilica 27: 815-826. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062013000400022
Duarte L., Viejo R.M., Martínez B., et al. 2013. Recent and historical range shifts of two canopy-forming seaweeds in North Spain and the link with trends in sea surface temperature. Acta Oecol. 51: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2013.05.002
García C.B., Díaz Pulido G. 2006. Dynamics of a macroalgal rocky intertidal community in the Colombian Caribbean. Bol. Invest. Mar. Costeras - INVEMAR 35: 7-18. https://doi.org/10.25268/bimc.invemar.2006.35.0.213
Geoffroy A., Gall L.L., Destombe C. 2012. Cryptic introduction of the red alga Polysiphonia morrowii Harvey (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) in the North Atlantic Ocean highlighted by a DNA barcoding approach. Aquat. Bot. 100: 67-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2012.03.002
Gorman D., Horta P., Flores A.V., et al. 2019. Decadal losses of canopy-forming algae along the warm temperate coastline of Brazil. Global Change Biol. 26: 1446-1457. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14956 PMid:31833116
Guiry M.D., Guiry G.M. 2020. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication at http://www.algaebase.org
Guo K., Taper M., Schoenberger M., et al. 2005. Spatial-temporal population dynamics across species range: from centre to margin. Oikos 108: 47-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13149.x
Haroun R.J., Gil-Rodríguez M.C., Díaz de Castro J. et al. 2002. A Checklist of the Marine Plants from the Canary Islands (Central Eastern Atlantic Ocean). Bot. Mar. 45: 139-169. https://doi.org/10.1515/BOT.2002.015
Horta P.A., Amancio E., Coimbra C.S., et al. 2001. Considerations on the distribution and origin of the marine macroalgal Brazilian flora. Hoehnea 28: 243-265.
Hoegh-Guldberg O., Bruno J.F. 2010. The impact of climate change on the world's marine ecosystems. Science 328: 1523-1528. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1189930 PMid:20558709
Iles A.C., Gouhier T.C., Menge B.A., et al. 2012. Climate-driven trends and ecological implications of event-scale upwelling in the California Current System. Global Change Biol. 18: 783-796. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02567.x
Jesionek M.B., Bahia R.G., Hernández-Kantún J., et al. 2016. A taxonomic account of non-geniculate coralline algae (Corallinophycidae, Rhodophyta) from shallow reefs of the Abrolhos Bank, Brazil. Algae 31: 317-340. https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2016.31.11.16
Jueterbock A., Tyberghein L., Verbruggen H., et al. 2013. Climate change impact on seaweed meadow distribution in the North Atlantic rocky intertidal. Ecol. Evol. 3: 1356-1373. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.541 PMid:23762521 PMCid:PMC3678489
Kordas R.L., Harley C.D.G., O'Connor M.I. 2011. Community ecology in a warming world: the influence of temperature on interspecific interactions in marine systems. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 400: 218-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2011.02.029
Lee K.M., Boo S.M., Kain (Jones) J.M., et al. 2013. Cryptic diversity and biogeography of the widespread brown alga Colpomenia sinuosa (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae). Bot. Mar. 56: 15-25. https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2012-0211
Lifland J. 2003. The North Atlantic Oscillation: climatic significance and environmental impact. EOS Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 84: 73. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003EO080005
Littler D.S., Littler M.M. 2000. Caribbean reef plants: an identification guide to the reef plants of the Caribbean, Bahamas, Florida and Gulf of Mexico. OffShore Graphics, Inc., Washington, DC.
Mathieson A.C., Dawes J.C. 2017. Seaweeds of the Northwest Atlantic. Univ. of Massachusetts Press. 798 pp.
Miotti C., Curiel D., Rismondo A., et al. 2005. First report of a species of Prasiola (Chlorophyta: Prasiolaceae) from the Mediterranean Sea (Lagoon of Venice). Sci. Mar. 69: 343-346. https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2005.69n3343
Miranda-Alves A. 2015. O Gênero Cladophora (Chlorophyta) no Litoral do Brasil: Estudos morfotaxonômico e molecular. PhD thesis. Univers. Estadual de Feira de Santana (Bahia). 290 pp.
Moura C.W.N. 2000. Coralináceas com genículo (Rhodophyta, Corallinales) do litoral do Brasil. Tese de doutorado. Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo. 264 pp
Moura C.W.N., Alves A.M., Santos A.A., et al. 2015. Checklist of phytobenthos from Boipeba Island, Bahia, Brazil, emphasizing the morphological features of Nitophyllum pinctatum (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales). Check List 11: 1704. https://doi.org/10.15560/11.4.1704
Nassar C.A.G. 1994. An assessment to the benthic marine algae at Trindade Island, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Rev. Bras. Biol. 54: 623-629.
Neiva J., Serrão E.A., Anderson L., et al. 2017. Cryptic diversity, geographical endemism and allopolyploidy in NE Pacific seaweeds. Evol. Biol. 17: 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-0878-2 PMid:28114901 PMCid:PMC5260064
Nunes J.M.C. 2005. Rodofíceas marinhas bentônicas do estado da Bahia, Brasil. Tese de doutorado. Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo. 410 pp.
Nunes J.M.D.C., Guimarães S.M.P.D.B. 2008. Novas referências de rodofíceas marinhas bentônicas para o litoral brasileiro. Biota Neotrop. 8: 89-100. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000400008
Occhipinti-Ambrogi A. 2007. Global change and marine communities: alien species and climate change. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 55: 342-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.11.014 PMid:17239404
Oliveira E., Ugadim Y. 1976. Comunidades associadas a plantas de Sargassum flutuantes em águas da corrente do Brasil - Considerações biogeográficas. Bol. Botanica Univ. São Paulo 7: 5-9. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9052.v7i0p5-9
Oliveira V.P, Fernandes D.R.P., Figueiredo N.M., et al. 2009. Four new additions to the marine flora of Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, tropical western South Atlantic Ocean. Checklist 5: 210-215. https://doi.org/10.15560/5.2.210
Oliveira M.C., Pellizzari F.M., Medeiros A., et al. 2020. Diversity of Antarctic seaweeds. In: Gomez I., Huovinen P. (eds). Antarctic Seaweeds. Springer, Cham. pp. 23-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39448-6_2
Parmesan C. 2006. Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 37: 637-669. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110100
Pedrini A.G., Gonçalves J.E.A., Fonseca M.C.S., et al. 1989. A Survey of the Marine Algae of Trindade Island, Brazil. Bot. Mar. 32: 97-99. https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1989.32.2.97
Pedrini A.G., Ugadim Y., Braga M.R.A., et al. 1992. Algas Marinhas Bentônicas do Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Brasil. Bol. Bot. 13: 93-101. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9052.v13i0p93-101
Pellizzari F.M., Bernardi J., Silva E.M., et al. 2014. Benthic marine algae from the insular areas of Paraná, Brazil: new database to support the conservation of marine ecosystems. Biota Neotropica 14: e20130011. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-060320140615183049
Pellizzari F.M., Silva M.C., Medeiros A., et al. 2017. Diversity and spatial distribution of seaweeds in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica: an updated database for environmental monitoring under climate change scenarios. Polar Biol. 40: 1671-1685. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-017-2092-5
Pellizzari F.M., Rosa L.H., Yokoya N.S. 2020. Biogeography of Antarctic seaweeds facing climate changes. In: Gomez I., Huovinen P. (eds). Antarctic Seaweeds. Springer, Cham. pp. 83-102. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39448-6_5
Pereira-Filho G.H., Amado-Filho G.M., Guimarães S.M.P.B., et al. 2011. Reef fish and benthic assemblages of the Trindade and Martin Vaz island group, SouthWestern Atlantic. Brazilian J. Oceanogr. 59: 201-212. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-87592011000300001
Pereira-Filho G.H., Amado-Filho G.M., Moura R.L., et al. 2012. Extensive Rhodolith Beds Cover the Summits of Southwestern Atlantic Ocean Seamounts. J. Coast. Res. 279: 261-269. https://doi.org/10.2112/11T-00007.1
Pereira-Filho G., Veras P., Francini-Filho R., et al. 2015. Effects of the sand tilefish Malacanthus plumieri on the structure and dynamics of a rhodolith bed in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, tropical West Atlantic. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 541: 65-73. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11569
Peterson R.G., Stramma L. 1991. Upper-level circulation in the South Atlantic Ocean. Prog. Oceanogr. 26: 1-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(91)90006-8
Pinheiro H.T., Bernardi G., Simon T., et al. 2017. Island biogeography of marine organisms. Nature 549: 82-85. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature23680 PMid:28854164
Pires G.L.C., Bongiolo E.M., Geraldes M.C., et al. 2016. New 40Ar/39Ar ages and revised 40K/40Ar* data from nephelinitic-phonolitic volcanic successions of the Trindade Island (South Atlantic Ocean). J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 327: 531-538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.09.020
Porzio L., Buia M.C. 2020. Long-term changes (1800-2019) in marine vegetational habitats: Insights from a historic industrialised coastal area. Mar. Environ. Res. (preproof).
R Core Team. 2019. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/
Richardson W.D. 1975. The marine algae of Trinidad, West Indies. Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. 5: 96-107.
Rosenzweig C.D., Karoly M., Vicarelli P., et al. 2008. Attributing physical and biological impacts to anthropogenic climate change. Nature 453: 353-357 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06937 PMid:18480817
Sanson M, Reyes J, Afonso-Carrillo J., et al. 2002. Sublittoral and Deep-Water Red and Brown Algae New from the Canary Islands. Bot. Mar. 45: 35-49. https://doi.org/10.1515/BOT.2002.005
Sanches P.F., Pellizzari F.M., Horta P.A. 2016. Multivariate analyses of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic seaweed distribution patterns: An evaluation of the role of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. J. Sea Res. 110: 29-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2016.02.002
Santos-Silva M.C., Machado E.C., Wallner-Kersanacha M., et al. 2018. Background levels of trace elements in brown and red seaweeds from T Trindade, a remote island in South Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Poll. Bull. 135: 923-931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.019 PMid:30301117
Sangil C., Sansón M., Afonso-Carillo J., et al. 2012. Changes in sub-tidal assemblages in a scenario of warming: proliferations of ephemeral benthic algae in the Canary Islands (eastern Atlantic Ocean). Mar. Environ. Res. 77: 120-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2012.03.004 PMid:22513243
Saunders G.W., Brooks C.M., Scott S. 2019. Preliminary DNA barcode report on the marine red algae (Rhodophyta) from the British Overseas Territory of Tristan da Cunha. Cryptogam. Algol. 40: 105-117. https://doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2019v40a10
Semidey A., Suárez A.M. 2013. Adiciones a las macroalgas marinas de Cuba. Hidrobiologica 23: 440-442.
Silva P.C., Basson P.W., Moe R.L. 1996. Catalogue of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Indian Ocean. University of California Press.
Sissini M.N. 2013. Hapalidiaceae (Corallinophycidae, Rhodophyta) no litoral brasileiro. Dissertação de mestrado. Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. 147 pp
Sissini M.N., Oliveira M.C., Horta P.A., et al. 2017a. Macroalgas da Ilha da Trindade. In: PROTRINDADE: Programa de Pesquisas Científicas na Ilha Da Trindade - 10 Anos de Pesquisas. SECIRM, Brasilia, pp. 99-108.
Sissini M.N., Barreto M.B.B., Szechy M.T.M., et al. 2017b. The floating Sargassum (Phaeophyceae) of the South Atlantic Ocean - likely scenarios. Phycologia 56: 321-328. https://doi.org/10.2216/16-92.1
Stielow S., Ballantine D.L. 2003. Benthic cyanobacterial, Microcoleus lyngbyaceus, blooms in shallow, inshore Puerto Rican seagrass habitats, Caribbean sea. Harmful Algae 2: 127-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1568-9883(03)00007-6
Sjøtun K. Husa V., Asplin L. et al. 2015. Climatic and environmental factors influencing occurrence and distribution of macroalgae - a fjord gradient revisited. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 532: 73-88. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11341
Sorte C.J.B., Williams S.L., Carlton J.T. 2010. Marine range shifts and species introductions: comparative spread rates and community impacts. Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 19: 303-316. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00519.x
Straub S.C, Wernberg T, Thomsen M.S., et al. 2019. Resistance, Extinction, and Everything in Between - The Diverse Responses of Seaweeds to Marine Heatwaves. Front. Mar. Sci. 6: 763. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00763
Thomsen M.S., Mondardini L., Alestra T., et al. 2019. Local Extinction of Bull Kelp (Durvillaea spp.) Due to a Marine Heatwave. Front. Mar. Sci. 6: 84. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00084
Tronholm A., Afonso-Carrillo J., Sansón M., et al. 2013. Taxonomy of the Dictyota ciliolata-crenulata complex (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae Phycologia 52: 171-181. https://doi.org/10.2216/12-005.1
Tsiamis K., Peters A.F., Shewring D.M., et al. 2014. Marine benthic algal flora of Ascension Island, South Atlantic. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 97: 681-688. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315414000952
Underwood A.J. 1997. Experiments in ecology: Their logical design and interpretation using analysis of variance. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 504 pp. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511806407
Villaça R., Pedrini A., Pereira S., et al. 2006. Flora marinha bentônica das ilhas oceânicas brasileiras, In: Alves R., Castro J. (eds), Ilhas Oceânicas Brasileiras Da Pesquisa Ao Manejo. Ministério do meio ambiente, Brasilia, pp. 105-146.
Villaça R., Carvalhal Fonseca A., Jensen V.K., et al. 2010. Species composition and distribution of macroalgae on Atol das Rocas, Brazil, SW Atlantic. Bot. Mar. 53: 113-122. https://doi.org/10.1515/BOT.2010.013
Wernberg T., Russell B.D., Thomsen M.S., et al. 2011a. Seaweed Communities in Retreat from Ocean Warming. Curr. Biol. 21:1828-1832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2011.09.028 PMid:22036178
Wernberg T., Russell B.D., Moore P.J., et al. 2011b. Impacts of climate change in a global hotspot for temperate marine biodiversity and ocean warming. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 400: 7-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2011.02.021
Wysor B., Kooistra W.H.C.F. 2003. An annotated list of marine Chlorophyta from the Caribbean coast of the Republic of Panama. Nov. Hedwigia 77: 487-523. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2003/0077-0487
Yoneshigue-Valentin Y., Fernandaes D.P., Pereira C.B., et al. 2005. Macroalgas da Plataforma Continental da Ilha da Trindade e Martin Vaz (Brasil). Conference paper X Reunião Brasileira de Ficologia. Série Livros 10, Museu Nacional.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2011 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.