Linking trawl fleet dynamics and the spatial distribution of exploited species can help to avoid unwanted catches: the case of the NW Mediterranean fishing grounds

Alfredo Garcia-de-Vinuesa; Iván Sola; Federico Quattrocchi; Francesc Maynou; Montserrat Demes

doi:10.3989/scimar.04755.17A

Autores/as

Alfredo Garcia-de-Vinuesa Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6645-6217
Iván Sola Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2972-614X
Federico Quattrocchi Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1802-8496
Francesc Maynou Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7200-6485
Montserrat Demes Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2866-4821

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04755.17A

Palabras clave:

capturas no deseadas, Mediterráneo noroccidental, pesca de arrastre, descarte, VMS, MCRS

Resumen

Con la plena aplicación de la Obligación de desembarque a partir del 1 de enero de 2019, pasará a ser obligatorio para la flota de arrastre desembarcar en puerto todas las capturas de ciertas especies, que según el Artículo 15 de la nueva política pesquera común no pueden ser descartadas, ya que están sujetas a MCRS. Por otro lado, desde 2005, se requiere a los arrastreros de más de 15 m de longitud, llevar a bordo un VMS, que proporciona información acerca de la dinámica de la flota. El objetivo de este trabajo fue proporcionar una herramienta para evitar capturas no deseadas integrando el estudio de la captura de arrastreros que operan en el puerto de Blanes junto con datos VMS de la flota de arrastre. Para lograr dicho objetivo, las capturas de 40 lances fueron monitoreadas, muestreadas y analizadas junto con los datos VMS de los años 2012-2014 integrados en un Sistema de Información Geográfica. Los resultados muestran que se capturaron de forma notable especímenes por debajo de la MCRS en hábitats de agregación de crinoideos, fondos con presencia de maërl y fondos fangosos que fueron identificaron como hábitats de cría para especies como Merluccius merluccius, Pagellus spp. y Mullus spp. Los datos VMS mostraron una notable presión pesquera en hábitats fangosos y fondos con presencia de maërl durante los períodos de reclutamiento de estas y otras especies comerciales relevantes. El uso de cierres espaciales o temporales en hábitats sujetos a descarte de especies reguladas por MCRS podría ser una herramienta útil para evitar capturas no deseadas.

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Citas

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