Discard-ban policies can help improve our understanding of the ecological role of food availability to seabirds

Enric Real; Giacomo Tavecchia; Meritxell Genovart; Ana Sanz-Aguilar; Ana Payo-Payo; Daniel Oro

doi:10.3989/scimar.04746.10A

Autores/as

Enric Real Grupo de Ecología y Demografía Animal, IMEDEA, CSIC-UIB https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6190-6303
Giacomo Tavecchia Grupo de Ecología y Demografía Animal, IMEDEA, CSIC-UIB https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5435-2691
Meritxell Genovart IMEDEA, CSIC-UIB - Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes, CSIC https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2919-1288
Ana Sanz-Aguilar Grupo de Ecología y Demografía Animal, IMEDEA, CSIC-UIB https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4177-9749
Ana Payo-Payo Grupo de Ecología y Demografía Animal, IMEDEA, CSIC-UIB https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5482-242X
Daniel Oro IMEDEA, CSIC-UIB - Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes, CSIC https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4782-3007

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04746.10A

Palabras clave:

disponibilidad de alimento, descartes pesqueros, aves marinas, interacciones ecológicas, políticas de descartes

Resumen

Los descartes pesqueros constituyen el recurso antropogénico predecible (PAFS) más importante que está siendo incorporado en los ecosistemas marinos. Cambios en su disponibilidad y predictibilidad pueden ayudar a entender mejor el papel ecológico de la disponibilidad de alimento (i.e. un importante indicador de la capacidad de carga) a diferentes niveles, desde la eficacia biológica individual hasta la dinámica de poblaciones o el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas. Las aves marinas constituyen un modelo excelente para estudiar los efectos ecológicos derivados de la falta de descartes por diversas razones: las aves marinas: 1) se encuentran entre los principales carroñeros de descartes, 2) son fáciles de monitorear y 3) son depredadores apicales globalmente distribuidos, lo cual las convierte en buenas indicadoras de la salud del ecosistema. En el presente estudio revisamos la información existente sobre las interacciones ecológicas entre las aves marinas y los descartes de la pesca, con el fin de identificar los principales vacíos de conocimiento y plantear retos futuros de cara a mejorar nuestra comprensión sobre el papel ecológico que tiene la disponibilidad de alimento. Concluimos que las políticas actuales en materia de prohibición de descartes que están siendo implementadas en la Unión Europea, Noruega, Chile o Nueva Zelanda, ofrecen un escenario ideal para mejorar nuestra comprensión sobre cómo una reducción de la capacidad de carga puede alterar parámetros demográficos tales como la supervivencia, la dispersión y la reproducción, la resiliencia de las poblaciones frente a perturbaciones y el papel de la especialización individual en el proceso de forrajeo.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Annett C.A., Pierotti R. 1999. Long-Term Reproductive Output in Western Gulls: Consequences of Alternate Tactics in Diet Choice. Ecology 80: 288-297. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[0288:LTROIW]2.0.CO;2

Arcos J., Louzao M., Oro D. 2008. Fisheries ecosystem impacts and management in the Mediterranean: seabirds point of view. In: Nielsen J., Dodson J.J., Friedland K., et al. (eds) Reconciling Fisheries with Conservation. Washington DC. Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 49: 1471-1479. PMCid:PMC2386781

Bicknell A.W.J., Oro D., Camphuysen K. et al. 2013. Potential consequences of discard reform for seabird communities. J. Appl. Ecol. 50: 649-658. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12072

Bolnick D.I., Svanbäck R., Fordyce J.A., et al. 2003. The ecology of individuals: incidence and implications of individual specialization. Am. Nat. 161: 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1086/343878 PMid:12650459

Borges L., Cocas L., Nielsen K.N. 2016. Discard ban and balanced harvest: a contradiction? ICES J. Mar. Sci. 73: 1632-1639. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw065

Calvino-Cancela M. 2011. Gulls (Laridae) as frugivores and seed dispersers. Plant. Ecol. 212: 1149-1157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-011-9894-2

Cury P.M., Boyd I.L., Bonhommeau S., et al. 2011. Global Seabird Response to Forage Fish Depletion—One-Third for the Birds. Science 334: 1703-1706. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1212928 PMid:22194577

Ellis J.C. 2005. Marine birds on land: a review of plant biomass, species richness, and community composition in seabird colonies. Plant Ecol. 181: 227-241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-005-7147-y

Fondo E.N., Chaloupka M., Heymans J.J., et al. 2015. Banning Fisheries Discards Abruptly Has a Negative Impact on the Population Dynamics of Charismatic Marine Megafauna. PLoS ONE 10: e0144543. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144543 PMid:26657412 PMCid:PMC4676608

Furness R.W., Crane J.E., Bearhop S., et al. 2006. Techniques to link individual migration patterns of seabirds with diet specialization, condition and breeding performance. Ardea 94: 631-638.

Garthe S., Camphuysen K., Furness R. 1996. Amounts of discards by commercial fisheries and their significance as food for seabirds in the North Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 136: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps136001

Genovart M., Arcos J.M., Álvarez D., et al. 2016. Demography of the critically endangered Balearic shearwater: the impact of fisheries and time to extinction. J. Appl. Ecol. 53: 1158-1168. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12622

Gilbert N.I., Correia R.A., Silva J.P., et al. 2016. Are white storks addicted to junk food? Impacts of landfill use on the movement and behaviour of resident white storks (Ciconia ciconia) from a partially migratory population. Mov. Ecol. 4: 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-016-0070-0 PMid:26981250 PMCid:PMC4791752

González-Solís J. 2003. Impact of fisheries on activity, diet and predatory interactions between yellow-legged and Audouin's gulls breeding at the Chafarinas Islands. Sci. Mar. 67: 83-88. https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2003.67s283

Grémillet D., Pichegru L., Kuntz G., et al. 2008. A junk-food hypothesis for gannets feeding on fishery waste. Proc. R. Soc. B. Biol. Sci. 275: 1149-1156. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.1763 PMid:18270155 PMCid:PMC2602693

Hansen J., Sato M., Ruedy R. 2012. Perception of climate change. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 109: E2415–E2423. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1205276109 PMid:22869707 PMCid:PMC3443154

Hawke D.J. 2006. Soil P in a forested seabird colony: inventories, parent material contributions, and N:P stoichiometry. Soil. Res. 43: 957-962. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR05075

Laneri K., Louzao M., Martínez-Abraín A., et al. 2010. Trawling regime influences longline seabird bycatch in the Mediterranean: new insights from a small-scale fishery. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 420: 241-252. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08847

Louzao M., Igual J.M., McMinn M., et al. 2006. Small pelagic fish, trawling discards and breeding performance of the critically endangered Balearic shearwater: improving conservation diagnosis. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 318: 247-254. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps318247

Matich P., Heithaus M.R., Layman C.A. 2011. Contrasting patterns of individual specialization and trophic coupling in two marine apex predators. J. Anim. Ecol. 80: 294-305. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01753.x PMid:20831730

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC. 186 pp. https://www.nap.edu/catalog/21852/attribution-of-extreme-weather-events-in-the-context-of-climate-change

Navarro J., Oro D., Bertolero A., et al. 2010. Age and sexual differences in the exploitation of two anthropogenic food resources for an opportunistic seabird. Mar. Biol. 157: 2453-2459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-010-1509-2

Oro D. 1996a. Effects of trawler discard availability on egg laying and breeding success in the lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus in the western Mediterranean. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 132: 43-46. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps132043

Oro D. 1996b. Interspecific kleptoparasitism in Audouin's Gull Larus audouinii at the Ebro Delta, northeast Spain: a behavioural response to low food availability. Ibis 138: 218-221. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1996.tb04331.x

Oro D., Bosch M., Ruiz X. 1995. Effects of a trawling moratorium on the breeding success of the Yellow-legged Gull Larus cachinnans. Ibis 137: 547-549. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1995.tb03265.x

Oro D., Jover L., Ruiz X. 1996. Influence of trawling activity on the breeding ecology of a threatened seabird, Audouin's gull Larus audouinii. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 139: 19-29. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps139019

Oro D., Pradel R., Lebreton J-D. 1999. Food availability and nest predation influence life history traits in Audouin's gull, Larus audouinii. Oecologia 118: 438-445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050746

Oro D., Cam E., Pradel R., et al. 2004. Influence of food availability on demography and local population dynamics in a long-lived seabird. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 271: 387-396. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2003.2609 PMid:15101698 PMCid:PMC1691609

Oro D., Genovart M., Tavecchia G., et al. 2013. Ecological and evolutionary implications of food subsidies from humans. Ecol. Lett. 16: 1501-1514. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12187 PMid:24134225

Pichegru L., Ryan P.G., van der Lingen C.D., et al. 2007. Foraging behaviour and energetics of Cape gannets Morus capensis feeding on live prey and fishery discards in the Benguela upwelling system. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 350: 127-136. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07128

Real E., Oro D., Martínez-Abraín A., et al. 2017. Predictable anthropogenic food subsidies, density-dependence and socio-economic factors influence breeding investment in a generalist seabird. J. Avian Biol. 48: 1462-1470. https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.01454

Regehr H.M., Montevecchi W.A. 1997. Interactive effects of food shortage and predation on breeding failure of black-legged kittiwakes: indirect effects of fisheries activities and implications for indicator species. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 155: 249-260. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps155249

Rolland V., Barbraud C., Weimerskirch H. 2008. Combined Effects of Fisheries and Climate on a Migratory Long-Lived Marine Predator. J. Appl. Ecol. 45: 4-13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01360.x

Scheffers B.R., Shoo L., Phillips B., et al. 2017. Vertical (arboreality) and horizontal (dispersal) movement increase the resilience of vertebrates to climatic instability. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 26: 787-798. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12585

Soriano-Redondo A., Cortés V., Reyes-González J.M., et al. 2016. Relative abundance and distribution of fisheries influence risk of seabird bycatch. Sci. Rep. 6: 37373. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep37373 PMid:27876852 PMCid:PMC5120356

Tasker M.L., Camphuysen C.J., Cooper J., et al. 2000. The impacts of fishing on marine birds. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 57: 531-547. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.2000.0714

Tuck G.N., Thomson R.B., Barbraud C., et al. 2015. An integrated assessment model of seabird population dynamics: can individual heterogeneity in susceptibility to fishing explain abundance trends in Crozet wandering albatross? J. Appl. Ecol. 52: 950-959. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12462

Vidal E., Médail F., Tatoni T., et al. 2000. Seabirds drive plant species turnover on small Mediterranean islands at the expense of native taxa. Oecologia 122: 427-434. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050049 PMid:28308294

Votier S.C., Furness R.W., Bearhop S., et al. 2004. Changes in fisheries discard rates and seabird communities. Nature 427: 727-730. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02315 PMid:14973483

Votier S.C., Fayet A.L., Bearhop S., et al. 2017. Effects of age and reproductive status on individual foraging site fidelity in a long-lived marine predator. Proc. R. Soc. B. Biol. Sci. 284: 20171068. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1068 PMid:28747480 PMCid:PMC5543227

Wagner E.L., Boersma P.D. 2011. Effects of Fisheries on Seabird Community Ecology. Rev. Fish. Sci. 19: 157–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641262.2011.562568

Wakefield E.D., Cleasby I.R., Bearhop S., et al. 2015. Long-term individual foraging site fidelity—why some gannets don't change their spots. Ecology 96: 3058-3074. https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1300.1 PMid:27070024

Zeller D., Cashion T., Palomares M., et al. 2017. Global marine fisheries discards: A synthesis of reconstructed data. Fish Fish. 19: 30-39. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12233