Efficiency of shallow- and deep-water trawling in the Mediterranean and its implications for discard reduction

Dario Pinello; Jennifer Gee; Paolo Accadia; Evelina Carmen Sabatella; Sergio Vitale; Kostantinos Polymeros; Fabio Fiorentino

doi:10.3989/scimar.04749.22A

Autores/as

Dario Pinello NISEA-Fisheries and Aquaculture Economic Research - Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5777-6764
Jennifer Gee Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Statistics and Information Branch, Fisheries and Aquaculture Department https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3690-9510
Paolo Accadia NISEA-Fisheries and Aquaculture Economic Research https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3832-3377
Evelina Carmen Sabatella NISEA-Fisheries and Aquaculture Economic Research https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2129-1869
Sergio Vitale CNR-Istituto per l’Ambiente Marino Costiero https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-4126
Kostantinos Polymeros Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7092-0425
Fabio Fiorentino CNR-Istituto per l’Ambiente Marino Costiero https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6302-649X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04749.22A

Palabras clave:

análisis de envoltorio de datos, eficiencia técnica y de escala, estrategia de pesca, arrastre de fondo, discusión en grupo focal, luces de pesca, reducción de descartes

Resumen

La flota de Mazara del Vallo es una de las principales flotas de grandes arrastreros en el Mediterráneo. Tradicionalmente, las dos estrategias de pesca adoptadas por la flota pueden resumirse en pesca a fresco (<250 m), cuyas especies objetivo son peces y cefalópodos comercializados frescos y pesca a congelato (>250 m) que tiene por objetivo gambas de profundidad que se venden congeladas. Esta segunda estrategia ha llegado a ser más importante en la última década. En esta contribución investigamos hasta qué punto la opción de pescar gambas de profundidad tiene impacto sobre los niveles de eficiencia técnica y de escala para la flota, evaluados mediante el Análisis de Envoltorio de Datos determinado por insumos. Para el análisis nos basamos en datos recolectados a través del programa nacional italiano del marco europeo de recogida de datos, además de discusión con un grupo focal de patrones de embarcaciones de arrastre. Los resultados muestran que los arrastreros que practican la pesca a congelato tienen la eficiencia media más alta, con la eficiencia técnica y de escala cercana al nivel máximo. En base a la información recogida durante la discusión con el grupo focal sobre la estrategia de pesca a congelato, la eficiencia técnica está correlacionada con una tasa de descarte inferior y con el uso generalizado de dispositivos LED. Se discuten los resultados en el marco del objetivo de reducción de descartes de las pesquerías europeas, uno de los pilares de la reforma actual de la política pesquera común.

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