Comparison of anisakid infection levels between two species of Atlantic mackerel (<em>Scomber colias</em> and <em >S. scombrus</em>) off the Atlantic Portuguese coast

Maria João Santos; Ricardo Castro; Francisca Cavaleiro; Luis Rangel; Harry Wilhelm Palm

doi:10.3989/scimar.04552.26A

Autores/as

Maria João Santos Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Biology Department, Animal Pathology Laboratory, - CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-491X
Ricardo Castro Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Biology Department, Animal Pathology Laboratory, - CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-3605
Francisca Cavaleiro Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Biology Department, Animal Pathology Laboratory, - CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9978-3401
Luis Rangel Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Biology Department, Animal Pathology Laboratory, - CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-7763
Harry Wilhelm Palm Rostock University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Aquaculture und Sea Ranching https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2918-3253

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04552.26A

Palabras clave:

anisákidos, Anisakis pegreffii, Anisakis simplex (s.s.), caballas del Atlántico, costa portuguesa, identificación molecular, seguridad alimenticia

Resumen

La anisakiasis es una zoonosis problemática asociada con el consumo de pescado crudo o poco cocinado. La caballa del Atlántico (Scomber colias) es un pez de mayor interés comercial en Portugal y se ha informado que es un hospedador común de Anisakis spp. En este estudio, la incidencia de anisákidos se evalúa en S. colias y Scomber scombrus, y el potencial riesgo zoonótico asociado con el consumo de estos dos peces se evalúa de acuerdo a los niveles de infección registrados. Estos se encontraron altos para ambas especies de peces - intensidad media y la prevalencia de 21.7 gusanos/pescado y 85% para S. colias, y 16.4 gusanos/pescado y 83.3% para S. scombrus, respectivamente. No se detectó ninguna correlación entre la intensidad de anisákidos y datos del hospedador, longitud total, peso total, factor de condición, y los índices hepatosomáticos y gonadosomáticos para ambas especies de peces, pero sí se detectaron valores de intensidad significativamente más altos para los pescados más maduros en S. scombrus, es decir, de pescado con mayor índice gonadosomático. Las herramientas moleculares permitieron la identificación de dos especies de Anisakis simplex, es decir, A. simplex (s.s.) y A. pegreffii. Ambos diferían en su ocurrencia – la prevalencia de A. simplex (s.s.) fue del 18% y del 82% A. pegreffii en S. colias, mientras que la prevalencia de A. simplex (ss) fue del 73% y del 27% A. pegreffii en S. scombrus. De vez en cuando, se identificaron los gusanos de Hysterothylacium aduncum para los dos peces. Los diferentes niveles de infección de las dos especies de Anisakis en ambos hospedadores, frente a la costa portuguesa, plantean la hipótesis de un ciclo de vida diferente en el nivel del huésped intermediario invertebrado. S. colias vive en aguas profundas frente a S. scombrus, que podría ser también cierto para primer hospedador intermediario principal de A. pegreffii en comparación com lo de A. simplex (s.s.). Los mayores niveles de infección de A. simplex (s.s.) (más infecciosos para los humanos) en S. scombrus sugieren que su consumo ligeramente cocinados, como en el pescado a la parrilla (tan popular en Portugal), podría ser más problemático en relación con el desarrollo de la anisakiasis en los seres humanos, en comparación con el consumo de S. colias y por lo tanto ser de posible preocupación de salud pública.

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