Diferenciación intrincada intra- e interespecífica en Leptogorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae). Descripción de una nueva especie en base a distintas fuentes de evidencias
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04509.01CPalabras clave:
resolución incompleta de linajes, hibridación, ITS, mtMutS, 28S, CoxII-Igr-CoxI, Igr, EcuadorResumen
Las dificultades existentes en la delimitación e identificación de especies de invertebrados marinos, impiden estimar la verdadera biodiversidad. Esto es particularmente observable en el caso de estudios sobre la diversidad de gorgonias, en los que tradicionalmente sólo se han utilizado caracteres morfológicos (por ejemplo, patrón de ramificación, tamaño y coloración de la colonia y escleritos, etc.) que pueden ser homoplásicos y continuos. En este estudio, utilizando un enfoque basado en una taxonomía integradora, se analizaron dos morfologías inicialmente consideradas como dos variantes eco-típicas de la especie Leptogorgia alba Duchassaing y Michelotti, 1864, ambas viviendo simpátricamente en el litoral de Ecuador. Exploramos el uso de caracteres morfológicos clásicos y morfométricos para delimitar especies, en combinación con marcadores moleculares (mtMutS, CoxII-Igr-CoxI, ITSs y 28S rRNA), con el objetivo de inferir sus relaciones filogenéticas. En base a nuestros resultados, se debe considerar la existencia de dos especies, L. alba y una nueva especie, L. manabiensis n. sp. que muestran caracteres morfológicos distintivos que no son atribuibles a la plasticidad fenotípica. Ambas especies también presentaron diferencias significativas en los caracteres morfométricos analizados, no correlacionados, en todas las clases de tamaño. Los análisis filogenéticos mostraron un origen polifilético del complejo de especies L. alba - L. manabiensis n. sp., a partir de un polimorfismo ancestral y una separación incompleta de los linajes, como posibles procesos evolutivos conducentes al patrón observado. En conclusión, la combinación de evidencias morfológicas y morfométricas proporcionan el mejor apoyo para la identificación y delimitación de estas especies. Además, los análisis moleculares, apoyados principalmente por marcadores nucleares, permiten discernir aspectos fundamentales de la historia evolutiva de estos organismos.
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