Ocurrencia de anchoa adulta en Cataluña (Mediterráneo noroccidental) en relación a las condiciones superficiales del mar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04413.24APalabras clave:
Engraulis encrasicolus, Mediterráneo noroccidental, condiciones ambientales, descargas, Modelos Aditivos GeneralizadosResumen
Con el objeto de estudiar la relación entre descargas por unidad de esfuerzo (LPUE) de la anchoa, Engraulis encrasicolus, durante la época de puesta (Mayo-Octubre) y variables ambientales marinas obtenidas por observación de satélite (temperatura, salinidad, clorofila-a, velocidad de corriente zonal y meridional) se analizaron series de datos para el periodo 2000-2010 mediante modelos aditivos generalizados, con y sin umbral, en tres zonas de pesca de la costa catalana. La configuración del ambiente en que ocurren las agregaciones de puesta afecta a los estadios tempranos y, por consiguiente, a la estructura demográfica futura de las poblaciones. Por lo tanto es de gran importancia definir las condiciones ambientales y sus variaciones durante la época de puesta. Los resultados del análisis muestran que bajas salinidades en los sectores norte y central, y las velocidades zonal y meridional de la corriente, en los sectores central y sur respectivamente, implicadas en los procesos de retención hacen aumentar la LPUE durante el periodo de puesta. La temperatura se relacionó con la LPUE en los sectores sur y norte. En ambas zonas se observó un efecto positivo y no lineal con un pico máximo a valores de temperatura bajos. Sin embargo, en el sector norte esta relación se mantuvo solamente hasta 2007. Después de 2007, la disminución en la temperatura preferencial sugiere una reducción en la ventana térmica en la que ocurren las agregaciones de puesta. Las relaciones obtenidas son no lineales, coincidiendo con estudios previos en esta especie, haciendo resaltar la importancia del ajuste espacio-temporal entre condiciones favorables y periodo de puesta como evento crucial para entender la dinámica poblacional de los pequeños pelágicos.
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