Mycale (Aegogropila) magellanica (Porifera: Demospongiae) en el Atlántico suroeste: fauna endobiótica y nuevos datos de su distribución
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.03490.21APalabras clave:
Mycale (Aegogropila) magellanica, asociaciones esponja-invertebrados, riqueza bentónica, Mar ArgentinoResumen
Se estudió la composición de endobiontes de la esponja Mycale (Aegogropila) magellanica, recolectada en el área del talud del Mar Argentino, a una profundidad promedio de 100 m. Se presenta también nueva información sobre la distribución de M. (A.) magellanica, extendiendo su límite norte hasta los 38º36.02’S y 55º44.68’W, 91 m en el Atlántico Sudoccidental. En el Mar Argentino, los principales bancos de vieira patagónica están situados en el borde externo de la plataforma, en el área frontal del talud. En esta región, M. (A.) magellanica juega un papel importante al proveer hábitat para al menos 23 taxones de invertebrados pequeños, en su mayoría crustáceos (66 al 96% del total de individuos). En promedio, esta esponja alberga 348 individuos por litro de esponja, siendo Aristias cf. antarcticus (Amphipoda) la especie más frecuente y abundante. Otros organismos hallados con frecuencia fueron el isópodo Caecognathia sp., el anfípodo Leucothoe cf. spinicarpa, el bivalvo Hiatella meridionalis y la ofiura Ophiactis asperula. Tal como se ha encontrado en otras esponjas, nuestros resultados sugieren que M. (A.) magellanica enriquece la biodiversidad local al proveer refugio a una gran variedad de invertebrados bentónicos. En áreas de sustrato blando, la epifauna eréctil y sésil estructura la arquitectura del hábitat, aumentando la complejidad del fondo. La extracción de esta fauna a causa de una intensa actividad pesquera en los bancos de la vieira patagónica tendría efectos perjudiciales sobre la biodiversidad local.
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