Estudio Lagrangiano sobre el origen de las parcelas de agua en el Sistema de Afloramiento de Canarias

Autores/as

  • Evan Mason Departament d’Oceanografía Física, Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC
  • Francois Colas Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentation et Approches Numériques, LOCEAN/IRD/IPSL/UPMC
  • Josep L. Pelegrí Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California Los Angeles

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.03608.18D

Palabras clave:

Sistema de Afloramiento de Canarias, Corriente de Canarias, modelo Lagrangiano, modelo hidrodinámico, ROMS, variabilidad estacional

Resumen


Se estudia la circulación oceánica regional en el Sistema de Afloramiento de Canarias entre 31 y 35°N mediante herramientas numéricas. Con este fin se realizan una serie de experimentos de seguimientos de partículas Lagrangianas mediante los campos de velocidad, tanto los medios estacionales como los cuasi-instantáneos, obtenidos a partir de una solución previamente generada del Sistema de Modelado Oceánico Regional (ROMS). El objetivo principal es identificar las rutas mediante las cuales las parcelas de agua llegan a la región de afloramiento al norte de Cabo Ghir. Al examinar las rutas anuales se aprecia que la Corriente de Azores contribuye con más del 80% de las partículas, una gran proporción de las cuales llega directamente desde costa afuera (desde el noroeste) mientras que otras siguen la plataforma y el talud continental desde el Golfo de Cádiz. Las restantes ~20% se originan en el Golfo de Cádiz o vienen desde el sur, aunque la contribución sureña solo es significativa en otoño e invierno. Al examinar las rutas estacionales se observa que las contribuciones a lo largo de la costa se tornan más importantes: la contribución norteña alcanza el 40% en primavera y verano mientras que las partículas originadas al sur exceden un 35% en invierno. Este estudio también muestra que el afloramiento costero cambia temporal y espacialmente. El afloramiento se intensifica cerca de Cabo Beddouza, con la mayor parte del afloramiento teniendo lugar en unos ~40 km desde la costa, aunque se obtienen valores significativos a distancias de hasta 120 km fuera de costa al norte de Cabo Beddouza; en estas mismas localidades el afloramiento integrado costa afuera alcanza hasta 4 veces el transporte de Ekman perpendicular a costa. En el área de Cabo Beddouza (32 a 33°N), el afloramiento es despreciable en febrero pero se intensifica en otoño, alcanzando hasta 3 veces el transporte de Ekman perpendicular a costa.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Arístegui J., Sangrà P., Hernández-León S., Cantón M., Hernández-Guerra A., Kerling J.L. 1994. Island-induced eddies in the Canary Islands. Deep-Sea Res. 49: 1087-1101.

Arístegui J., Barton E.D., Álvarez-Salgado X.A., Santos A.M.P., Figueiras F.G., Kifani S., Hernández-León S., Mason E., Machú E., Demarcq H. 2009. Sub-regional ecosystem variability in the Canary Current upwelling. Prog. Oceanogr. 83: 33-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2009.07.031

Bakun A., Field D.B., Redondo-Rodriguez A., Weeks S.J. 2010: Greenhouse gas, upwelling-favorable winds, and the future of coastal ocean upwelling ecosystems. Global Change Biol. 16: 1213-1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02094.x

Barton E.D. 1989. The poleward undercurrent on the eastern boundary of the subtropical North Atlantic. In: Neshyba S.J., Mooers C.N.K., Smith R.L., Barber R.T. (eds.), Poleward Flows Along Eastern Ocean Boundaries, Coastal and Estuarine Studies, Vol. 34. Springer, pp. 82-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/CE034p0082

Barton E.D., Arístegui J., Tett P., Cantón M., Garcia-Braun J., Hernandez-Leon S., Nykjaer L., Almeida C., Almunia J., Ballesteros S., Basterretxea G., Escanez J., Garcia-Weill L., Hernandez-Guerra A., Lopez-Laatzen F., Molina R., Montero M.F., Navarro-Perez E., Rodriguez J.M., van Lenning K., Velez H., Wild K. 1998. The transition zone of the Canary Current upwelling region. Prog. Oceanogr. 41: 455-504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6611(98)00023-8

Benítez-Barrios V.M., Pelegrí J.L., Hernández-Guerra A., Lwiza K.M.M., Gomis D., Vélez-Belchi P., Hernández-León S. 2011. Three-dimensional circulation in the NW Africa coastal transition zone. Progr. Oceanogr. 91: 516-533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2011.07.022

Borges M.F., Santos A.M.P., Crato M., Mendes H., Mota B. 2003. Sardine regime shifts off Portugal: A time series analysis of catches and wind conditions. Sci. Mar. 67: 235-244.

Brochier T., Mason E., Moyano M., Berraho A., Colas F., Sangra P., Hernandez-Leon S.,Ettahiri O., Lett C. 2011. Ichthyoplankton transport from the African coast to the Canary Islands. J. Mar. Syst, 87: 109-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.02.025

Candela J. 2001. Mediterranean water and global circulation. In: Siedler G., Church J., Gould J. (eds.), Ocean Circulation and Climate. Academic Press, New York, pp. 419-429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0074-6142(01)80132-7

Capet X.J., Campos E.J., Paiva A.M. 2008. Submesoscale activity over the Argentinian shelf. Geophys. Res. Lett. 35: L15605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034736

Carr M.-E., Kearns E.J. 2003. Production regimes in four Eastern Boundary Current systems. Deep-Sea Res. 50: 3199-3221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.07.015

Carr S.D., Capet X.J., McWilliams J.C., Pennington J.T., Chavez F.P. 2008. The influence of diel vertical migration on zooplankton transport and recruitment in an upwelling region: estimates from a coupled behavioral-physical model. Fish. Oceanogr. 17: 1-15.

Durand M.-H., Cury P., Mendelssohn R., Roy C., Bakun A., Pauly D. 1998. Global Versus Local Changes in Upwelling Systems. ORSTOM, Paris.

Estrade P., Marchesiello P., Colin de Verdiére A., Roy C. 2008. Cross-shelf structure of coastal upwelling: A two-dimensional extension of Ekman's theory and a mechanism for inner shelf upwelling shut down. J. Mar. Res. 66: 589-616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1357/002224008787536790

Fraile-Nuez E., Machín F., Vélez-Belchí P., López-Laatzen F., Borges R., Benítez-Barrios V., Hernández-Guerra A. 2010. Nine years of mass transport data in the eastern boundary of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre. J. Geophys. Res. 115: C09009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006161

Gómez-Gesteira M., de Castro N., Álvarez I., Lorenzo M.N., Gesteira J.L.G., Crespo A.J.C. 2008. Spatio-temporal Upwelling Trends along the Canary Upwelling System (1967-2006). Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 1146: 320-337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1446.004 PMid :19076422

Hagen E. 2001. Northwest Africa upwelling scenario. Oceanol. Acta 24: 113-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0399-1784(00)01110-5 Hunter P., Macnab R. 2003. The GEBCO Digital Atlas published by the British Oceanographic Data Centre on behalf of IOC and IHO. North Atlantic region.

Laiz I., Sangrà P., Pelegrí J.L., Marrero-Díaz A. 2001. Sensitivity of an idealized subtropical gyre to the eastern boundary conditions. Sci. Mar. 65(S1): 187-194.

Lamas L., Peliz A., Ambar I., Aguiar A.B., Maximenko N., Teles-Machado A. 2010. Evidence of time-mean cyclonic cell southwest of the Iberian Peninsula: The Mediterranean Outflow-driven β-plume? Geophys. Res. Lett. 37: L12606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043339

Large W.G., McWilliams J.C., Doney S.C. 1994. Oceanic vertical mixing: A review and a model with a vertical K-profile boundary layer parameterization. Rev. Geophys. 32: 363-403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94RG01872

Lathuiliére C., Echevin V., Lévy M. 2008. Seasonal and intraseasonal surface chlorophyll-a variability along the northwest African coast. J. Geophys. Res. 113: C05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004433

Lozier S.M., Owens S.B., Curry R.G. 1995. The climatology of the North Atlantic. Prog. Oceanogr. 36: 1-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(95)00013-5

Machín F., Hernández-Guerra A., Pelegrí J.L. 2006a. Mass fluxes in the Canary Basin. Prog. Oceanogr. 70: 416-447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2006.03.019

Machín F., Pelegrí J.L. 2009. Northward Penetration of Antarctic Intermediate Water off Northwest Africa. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 39: 512-535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008JPO3825.1

Machín F., Pelegrí J.L., Marrero-Díaz A., Laiz I., Ratsimandresy A.W. 2006b. Near-surface circulation in the southern Gulf of Cádiz. Deep-Sea Res. 53: 1161-1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.04.001

Marcello J., Hernández-Guerra A, Eugenio F., Fonte A. 2011. Seasonal and temporal study of the northwest African upwelling system. Int. J. Rem. Sens. 32: 1843-1859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161003631576

Marchesiello P., McWilliams J.C., Shchepetkin A.F. 2003. Equilibrium structure and dynamics of the California Current System. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 33: 753-783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2003)33<753:ESADOT>2.0.CO;2 Mason E. 2009. High-resolution modelling of the Canary Basin oceanic circulation. Ph.D. thesis, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, URL http://hdl.handle.net/10553/5004, 235pp.

Mason E., Colas F., Molemaker J., Shchepetkin A.F., Troupin C., McWilliams J.C., Sangrà P. 2011. Seasonal variability of the Canary Current: a numerical study. J. Geophys. Res. 116: C06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006665

Mason E., Molemaker J., Colas F., Shchepetkin A.F., McWilliams J.C., Sangrà P. 2010. Procedures for offline grid nesting in regional ocean models. Ocean Model. 35: 1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.05.007

Mauritzen C., Morel Y., Paillet J. 2001. On the influence of Mediterranean Water on the Central Waters of the North Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. 48: 347-381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(00)00043-1

Montes I., Colas F., Capet X.J., Schneider W. 2010. On the pathways of the Equatorial Subsurface Currents in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific and their contributions to the Peru-Chile Undercurrent. J. Geophys. Res. 115: C09003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005710

Nykjær L.,Van Camp L. 1994. Seasonal and interannual variability of coastal upwelling along northwest Africa and Portugal from 1981 to 1991. J. Geophys. Res. 99: 14197-14207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94JC00814

Ochoa J., Bray N.A. 1991. Water mass exchange in the Gulf of Cadiz. Deep-Sea Res. 38: S465-S503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0198-0149(12)80021-5

Pascual A., Faugère Y., Larnicol G., Le Traon P.-Y. 2006. Improved description of the ocean mesoscale variability by combining four satellite altimeters. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33: L02611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024633

Pelegrí, J. L., A. Marrero-Díaz, and A. W. Ratsimandresy, 2006: Nutrient irrigation of the North Atlantic. Prog. Oceanogr., 70 (2-4): 366-406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2006.03.018

Pelegrí J.L., Arístegui J., Cana L., González M., Hernández-Guerra A., Hernández-León S., Marrero-Díaz A., Montero M.F., Sangrá P., Santana-Casiano M. 2005. Coupling between the open ocean and the coastal upwelling region off Northwest Africa: Water recirculation and offshore pumping of organic matter. J. Mar. Syst. 54: 3-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2004.07.003

Pelegrí J.L., Marrero A., Ratsimandresy A.W., Antoranz A., Cisneros J., Gordo C., Grisolía D., Hernández-Guerra A., Láiz I., Martínez A., Parrilla G., Pérez-Rodríguez P., Rodríguez-Santana A., Sangrá P. 2005. Hydrographic cruises off northwest Africa: The Canary Current and the Cape Ghir region. J. Mar. Syst. 54: 39-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2004.07.001

Peliz A.J., Dubert J., Marchesiello P., Teles-Machado A. 2007. Circulation in the Gulf of Cadiz: Part I Model and mean flow structure. J. Geophys. Res. 112: C11015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004159

Peliz Á.J., Dubert J., Santos A.M.P., Oliveira P.B., Le Cann B. 2005. Winter upper ocean circulation in the Western Iberian Basin-Fronts, Eddies and Poleward Flows: an overview. Deep-Sea Res. 52: 621-646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.11.005

Penven P., Echevin V., Pasapera J., Colas F., Tam J. 2005. Average circulation, seasonal cycle, and mesoscale dynamics of the Peru Current System: A modeling approach. J. Geophys. Res. 110: C10021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JC002945

Piedeleu M., Sangrà P., Sánchez-Vidal A., Fabrés J., Gordo C., Calafat A. 2009. An observational study of oceanic eddy generation mechanisms by tall deep-water islands (Gran Canaria). Geophys. Res. Lett. 36: L14605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GL037010

Ratsimandresy A.W., Pelegrí J.L., Marrero-Díaz A., Hernández-Guerra A., Antoranz A., Martínez A. 2001. Seasonal variability of the upper warmwatersphere in the Canary Basin. Sci. Mar. 65(S1): 251-258.

Rio M.-H., Hernández F. 2004. A mean dynamic topography computed over the world ocean from altimetry, in situ measurements and a geoid model. J. Geophys. Res. 109: C12032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JC002226

Risien C.M., Chelton D.B. 2008. A Global Climatology of Surface Wind and Wind Stress Fields from Eight Years of QuikSCAT Scatterometer Data. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 38: 2379-2413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008JPO3881.1

Rivas D., Samelson R.M. 2011. A Numerical Modeling Study of the Upwelling Source Waters along the Oregon Coast during 2005. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 41 : 88-112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JPO4327.1

Roy C., Cury P., Fontana A., Belvèze H. 1989. Stratégies spatio-temporelles de la reproduction des clupéidés des zones d'upwelling d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Aquat. Living Resour. 2: 21-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/alr:1989003

Rykaczewski R.R., Checkley D.M.Jr. 2008. Influence of ocean winds on the pelagic ecosystem in upwelling regions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105: 1965-1970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0711777105 PMid :18250305 PMCid:2538866

Sangrà P., Pascual A., Rodríguez-Santana A., Machín F., Mason E., McWilliams J.C., Pelegrí J.L., Dong C., Rubio A., Arístegui J., Marrero-Díaz A., Hernández-Guerra A., Martínez-Marrero A., Auladell M. 2009. The Canary Eddy Corridor: a major pathway for long-lived eddies in the North Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res. 56: 2100-2114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2009.08.008

Santos A.M.P., Kazmin A.S., Peliz A.J. 2005. Decadal changes in the Canary upwelling system as revealed by satellite observations: Their impact on productivity. J. Mar. Res. 63: 359-379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1357/0022240053693671

Santos A.M.P., Peliz A.J., Dubert J., Oliveira P.B., Ré P. 2004. Impact of a winter upwelling event on the distribution and transport of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) eggs and larvae off western Iberia: a retention mechanism. Cont. Shelf Res. 24: 149-165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2003.10.004

Shchepetkin, A. F. and J. C. McWilliams, 2005: The Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS): a split-explicit, free-surface, topography-following-coordinate oceanic model. Ocean Model. 9(4): 347-404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2004.08.002

Shchepetkin A.F., McWilliams J.C. 2009. Correction and Commentary for "Ocean Forecasting in Terrain-Following Coordinates: Formulation and Skill Assessment of the Regional Ocean Modeling System" by Haidvogel et al. J. Comp. Phys. 227, pp. 3595-3624. J. Comput. Phys. 228: 8985-9000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2009.09.002

Siedler G., Finke M. 1993. Long-Period Transport Changes in the Eastern North Atlantic and Their Simulation by Propagating Waves. J. Geophys. Res. 98: 2393-2406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92JC02122

Speth P., Detlefsen H. 1982. Meteorological influences on upwelling off Northwest Africa. Rapp. p.-v. Reun. ICES, 180, 29-34.

Stommel H. 1979. Determination of water mass properties of water pumped down from the Ekman layer to the geostrophic flow below. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 76: 3051-3055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.76.7.3051 PMid :16592670 PMCid:383760

Stramma L. 1984. Geostrophic transport in the warm water sphere of the eastern subtropical North Atlantic. J. Mar. Res. 42: 537-558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1357/002224084788506022

Troupin C., Machín F., Ouberdous M., Sirjacobs D., Barth A., Beckers J.-M. 2010. High-resolution climatology of the northeast Atlantic using Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis (DIVA). J. Geophys. Res. 115: C08005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005512

Van Camp L., Nykjaer L., Mittelstaedt E., Schlittenhardt P. 1991. Upwelling and boundary circulation off northwest Africa as depicted by infrared and visible satellite observations. Prog. Oceanogr. 26: 357-402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(91)90012-B

Wooster W.S., Bakun A., McLain D.R. 1976. The seasonal upwelling cycle along the eastern boundary of the North Atlantic. J. Mar. Res. 34: 131-140.

Worley S.J., Woodruff S.D., Reynolds R.W., Lubker S.J., Lott N. 2005. ICOADS release 2.1 data and products. Int. J. Climatol. 25: 823-842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.1166

Descargas

Publicado

2012-09-30

Cómo citar

1.
Mason E, Colas F, Pelegrí JL. Estudio Lagrangiano sobre el origen de las parcelas de agua en el Sistema de Afloramiento de Canarias. Sci. mar. [Internet]. 30 de septiembre de 2012 [citado 19 de mayo de 2024];76(S1):79-94. Disponible en: https://scientiamarina.revistas.csic.es/index.php/scientiamarina/article/view/1376

Número

Sección

Artículos

Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a

1 2 > >>