Efecto de los métodos de producción orgánica y convencional en el crecimiento, salud y composición corporal del pargo: un experimento de campo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.03411.07CPalabras clave:
sostenible, orgánico, acuicultura de pargosResumen
Este estudio tiene por objeto desarrollar una mejor comprensión de la producción acuícola orgánica del pargo en Grecia, en particular sus consecuencias en relación al crecimiento del pez, su salud y su composición corporal, y proponer y actualizar los estándares para la cría sostenible y orgánica. Los pargos dorados fueron criados en contenedores con densidades de 4 kg m–3 (orgánico) y de 15 kg m–3 (convencional) y les fue ofrecido alimento producido orgánicamente (45% de proteina cruda, 14% de grasa) y convencionalmente (46% de proteina cruda, 17% de grasa). El perfil de los aminoácidos de la dieta convencional, en especial en relación al contenido en lisina, uno de los aminoácidos alimentarios más importantes para pargos, pareció ser insatisfactorio. Los pargos “orgánicos” acumularon una menor cantidad de grasa en sus músculos blancos en compración con los pargos convencionales; el contenido en lípidos del hígado es menor y el índice hepatosomático es más alto en los pargos orgánicos. Los análisis microbiológicos muestran que las Enterobacteriaceae y las Escherichia coli en la piel estaban por debajo del límite de detección tanto en los pargos orgánicos como en los convencionales. El cómputo total factible en la piel y músculos de los pargos cultivados orgánica y convencionalmente fue de aproximadamente 3 log ufc g–1, lo cual está por debajo del límite aceptable (7 log ufc g–1) para las especies marinas. Los resultados mostraron que la combinación de una baja densidad animal y la alimentación con una composición de diferentes ingredientes pero con valores nutricionales similares se asocia a unas tasas de crecimiento y a un perfil de nutrientes similares en la calidad del producto final. Es necesaria una investigación más a fondo sobre la nutrición para obtener información encaminada a la determinación de los estándares apropiados para la acuicultura orgánica de pargos y asegurar que el resultado final se ajuste a las preferencias de los consumidores.
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