Estudio morfohistológico e histoquímico de larvas cultivadas de merluza europea, Merluccius Merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758), durante la fase lecito-exotrófica

Autores/as

  • Juan B. Ortiz-Delgado Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía - CSIC
  • José Iglesias Instituto Español de Oceanografía
  • Francisco J. Sánchez Instituto Español de Oceanografía
  • Rosa Cal Instituto Español de Oceanografía
  • M. Jesus Lago Instituto Español de Oceanografía
  • Juan J. Otero Instituto Español de Oceanografía
  • Carmen Sarasquete Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía - CSIC

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.03424.03C

Palabras clave:

merluza europea, Merluccius merluccius, larvas, histología, histoquímica, ontogenia, saco vitelino, alimentación endo-exotrófica, agudeza visual

Resumen


Se ha realizado un estudio histológico e histoquímico del desarrollo larvario de la merluza europea, Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) durante la fase lecitotrófica, desde la eclosión hasta los 5 días post-eclosión –dpe-, y en la fase endo-exotrófica (larvas de 6-10 dpe). Durante ambas fases alimentarias se han observado importantes cambios morfológicos, celulares y tisulares, principalmente aquellos relacionados con la ontogenia digestiva y visual, tales como: la diferenciación de la cavidad bucofaríngea y desarrollo y diferenciación ocular (en el momento de la eclosión); la pigmentación y diferenciación de fotorreceptores tipo conos (4 dpe); la apertura de la boca y ano, la aparición de válvulas intestinales (5-6 dpe); la presencia de células mucosas secretoras en la cavidad bucofaríngea-esofágica (5-6 dpe) e intestinal (9 dpe); el plegamiento de la mucosa intestinal (6 dpe) y el desarrollo de musculatura digestiva regional específica (6 dpe); el desarrollo de la estructura típica y funcionalidad hepática (sinusoides, conductos biliares y pancreáticos, glucógeno y reservas lipídicas y proteicas) (4-6 dpe), y el patrón de distribución acinar característico de gránulos de zimógeno eosinófilos en el páncreas exocrino (6 dpe). Entre 9-10 dpe, las larvas muestran evidentes signos de absorción lipídica en los enterocitos de la región anterior intestinal, así como un marcado proceso de pinocitosis y digestión intracelular en el intestino posterior (inclusiones supranucleares o vesículas proteicas acidófilas). En larvas de 10 dpe se detecta una proliferación de túbulos renales y una diferenciación y desarrollo esplénico, así como la presencia del primer folículo tiroideo. Durante el periodo estudiado, no se ha observado ni la diferenciación de glándulas gástricas estomacales, ni el desarrollo del páncreas endocrino o la presencia de lamelas branquiales. Sin embargo, la vejiga natatoria y el sistema visual, caracterizado por la presencia de bastones, están ya diferenciados a partir de 9 dpe. En resumen, durante el desarrollo larvario de la merluza Europea, en la fase de alimentación endo-exotrófica y especialmente a los 9-10 dpe, la mayoría de los sistemas, órganos y tejidos están bien diferenciados y desarrollados. En particular, algunos días antes de comenzar la fase exotrófica del desarrollo larvario, los sistemas digestivo y visual están bien desarrollados y son fisiológicamente funcionales.

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2012-06-30

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1.
Ortiz-Delgado JB, Iglesias J, Sánchez FJ, Cal R, Lago MJ, Otero JJ, Sarasquete C. Estudio morfohistológico e histoquímico de larvas cultivadas de merluza europea, Merluccius Merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758), durante la fase lecito-exotrófica. Sci. mar. [Internet]. 30 de junio de 2012 [citado 1 de mayo de 2025];76(2):259-71. Disponible en: https://scientiamarina.revistas.csic.es/index.php/scientiamarina/article/view/1335

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