Growth and survival of Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier 1797) paralarvae fed on three Artemia-based diets complemented with frozen fish flakes, crushed zooplankton and marine microalgae
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2011.75n4771Keywords:
Octopus vulgaris, paralarvae rearing, growth, survival, protein/lipid, DHA, EPAAbstract
During one month, paralarvae of common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) were fed 3 different diets: (1) Artemia sp. enriched with Isochrysis galbana (AI) complemented with sand eel (Hyperoplus lanceolatus) flakes (AH); (2) Artemia sp. enriched with crushed marine zooplankton (AZ); and (3) Artemia sp. cultured with Isochrysis galbana and further enriched with the microalga Nannochloropsis sp. (AN). The highest dry weight (1.6179±0.3861 mg) was registered with the AN diet and the best average survival (67.0%) with the AZ diet. Considering the highest dry weight obtained, the moderate high survival and the fact that with this diet it was possible to attain the adult stage, the AN diet was the most appropriate. The reasons for the best result in growth observed with AN are discussed as: (1) the combination of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) provided by Isochrysis galbana and the high eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content present in Nannochloropsis sp.; (2) the fact that the higher protein/lipid ratio of this diet improves the final dry weight of the paralarvae; and (3) the fact that Nannochloropsis sp. could inhibit the harmful microflora growth in the rearing tank. Regarding nutritional aspects, DHA content per se is not the only determinant factor for growth and survival of O. vulgaris paralarvae, but the presence of a high protein/lipid ratio and a high phospholipid content in the diet could possibly explain the better quality and strength of the paralarvae.
Downloads
References
Andrés, M., A. Estévez, C.G. Simeó and G. Rotllant. – 2010. Annual variation in the biochemical composition of newly hatched larvae of Maja brachydactyla in captivity. Aquaculture, 310: 99-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.09.035
Bell, J.G., L.A. McEvoy, A. Estevez, R.J. Shields and J.R. Sargent. – 2003. Optimising lipid nutrition in first-feeding flat fish larvae. Aquaculture, 227: 211-220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00504-0
Bitman, J. and D.L.Wood. – 1982. An improved copper reagent for quantitative densitometric thin-layer chromatography of lipids. J. Chromatogr., 5: 1155-1162.
Blight, E.G. and W.J. Dyer. – 1959. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can. J. Biochem. Physiolog., 37: 911-917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o59-099
Bradford, M.M. – 1976. A rapid sensitive method for the quantisation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem., 72: 248-254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
Carrasco, J.F., C. Rodríguez, and M. Rodríguez. – 2005. Cultivo intensivo de paralarvas de pulpo (Octopus vulgaris, Cuvier) utilizando como base de la alimentación zoeas vivas de crustáceos. In: Libro de Actas. IX Congreso Nacional de Acuicultura, Octubre 2005, Sevilla, Spain, pp. 219-222.
Carrasco, J.F., J.C. Arronte and C. Rodríguez. – 2006. Paralarval rearing of the common octopus, Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier). Aquacult. Res., 37: 1601-1605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01594.x
Fernández-Reiriz, M.J., A. Pérez-Camacho, M.J. Ferreiro, J. Blanco, M. Planas, M.J. Campos and U. Labarta. – 1989. Biomass production and variation in the biochemical profile (total protein, carbohydrates, RNA, lipids and fatty acids) of seven species of marine microalgae. Aquaculture, 83: 17-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(89)90057-4
Freeman, C.P. and D. West. – 1966. Complete separation of lipid classes on a single thin-layer plate. J. Lipid. Res., 7: 324-327. PMid:5947043
Hamazaki, H., K. Fukunaga, Y. Yoshida and K. Maruyama. – 1991. Effects of marine microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. on survival and growth on rearing pelagic paralarvae of Octopus vulgaris, and results of mass culture in the tank of 20 metric tons. Saibai-giken, 19: 75-84.
Iglesias, J., J.J. Otero, C. Moxica, L. Fuentes and F.J. Sánchez. – 2004. The completed life cycle of the octopus (Octopus vulgaris, Cuvier) under culture conditions: paralarval rearing using Artemia and zoeae, and first data on juvenile growth up to 8 months of age. Aquacult. Int., 12: 481-487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:AQUI.0000042142.88449.bc
Iglesias, J., F.J. Sánchez, J.G.F. Bersano, J.F. Carrasco, J. Dhont, L. Fuentes, F. Linares, S. Okumura, T. van der Meeren, J.L. Muñoz, J. Roo, E.A.G. Vidal and R. Villanueva. – 2007. Rearing of Octopus vulgaris paralarvae: present status, bottlenecks and trends. Review Article. Aquaculture, 266: 1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.02.019
Itami, K., Y. Izawa, S. Maeda and K. Nakay. – 1963. Notes on the laboratory culture of octopus larvae. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish., 29(6): 514-520. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.29.514
Lepage, G. and C. Roy. – 1986. Direct transesterification of all classes of lipids in a one-step reaction. Notes on methodology. J. Lipid Res., 27: 114-120. PMid:3958609
Okumura, S., A. Kurihara, A. Iwamoto and T. Takeuchi. – 2005. Improved survival and growth in Octopus vulgaris paralarvae by feeding large type Artemia and Pacific sand eel, Ammodytes personatus. Aquaculture, 244: 144-157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.11.044
Moxica, C., J.J. Otero, J. Iglesias and F.J. Sánchez. – 2001. Comportamiento reproductor, puestas y desarrollo embrionario del pulpo Octopus vulgaris en cautividad. In: Actas del VII Congreso Nacional de Acuicultura, Las Palmas, Mayo 1999.
Moxica, C., F. Linares, J.J. Otero, J. Iglesias and F.J. Sánchez. – 2002. Cultivo intensivo de paralarvas de pulpo, Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797, en tanques de 9 m3. Bol. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr., 18(1-4): 31-36.
Moxica, C., L. Fuentes, J. Hernández, J. Iglesias, M.J. Lago, J.J. Otero and F.J. Sánchez. – 2006. Efecto de Nannochloropsis sp. en la supervivencia y crecimiento de paralarvas de pulpo Octopus vulgaris. IX Foro dos Recursos Mariños e da Acuicultura das Rías Galegas, October 2006, O Grove, Spain.
Navarro, J.C. and R. Villanueva. – 2000. Lipid and fatty acid composition of early stages of cephalopods: an approach to their lipid requirements. Aquaculture, 183: 161-177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00290-2
Navarro, J.C. and R. Villanueva. – 2003. The fatty acid composition of Octopus vulgaris paralarvae reared with live and inert food: deviation from their natural fatty acid profile. Aquaculture, 219: 613-631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00311-3
Seixas, P., M. Rey-Méndez, L.M.P Valente and A. Otero. – 2010. High DHA content in Artemia is ineffective to improve Octopus vulgaris paralarvae rearing. Aquaculture, 300: 156-162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.12.021
Skiftesvik, A.B., H.I. Browman and J.F. St-Pierre. – 2003. Life in green water: the effect of microalgae on the behaviour of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae. In: H.I. Browman and A.B. Skiftesvik (eds.), 26th Annual Larval Fish Conference OS, Norway, July 22-26, 2002, pp. 97-103. Source: Big Fish Bang.
Viciano E., J. Iglesias, M.J. Lago, F.J. Sánchez, J.J. Otero and J.C. Navarro. – 2009. Fatty acid composition of polar and neutral lipid fractions of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 paralarvae reared with enriched on-grown Artemia. Larvi’09 - Fish and Shelfish Larviculture Symposium. C.I. Hendry, G. Van Stappen, M. Wile and P. Sorgeloos (Eds). European Aquaculture Society, Special publication Nº 38, Oostende, Belgium.
Villanueva, R. – 1994. Decapod crab zoeae as food for rearing cephalopod paralarvae. Aquaculture, 249: 143-152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(94)90109-0
Villanueva, R. – 1995. Experimental rearing and growth of planktonic Octopus vulgaris from hatching to settlement. Can. J. Fish. and Aquat. Sci., 52: 2639-2650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-853
Villanueva, R. and P. Bustamante. – 2006. Composition in essential and non-essential elements of early stages of cephalopods and dietary effects on the elemental profiles of Octopus vulgaris paralarvae. Aquaculture, 261: 225-240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.07.006
Villanueva, R. and M.D. Norman. – 2008. Biology of the planktonic stages of benthic octopuses. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev., 46: 105-202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420065756.ch4
Villanueva, R., C. Nozais and S.V. Boletzky. – 1995. The planktonic life of octopuses. Nature, 377: 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/377107a0
Villanueva, R., C. Nozais and S.V. Boletzky. – 1996. Swimming behaviour and food searching in planktonic Octopus vulgaris Cuvier from hatching to settlement. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 208: 169-184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(96)02670-6
Villanueva, R., J. Riba, C. Ruíz-Capillas, A.V. González and M. Baeta.– 2004. Amino acid composition of early stages of cephalopods and effect of amino acid dietary treatments on Octopus vulgaris paralarvae. Aquaculture, 242: 455-478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.04.006
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2011 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.
