Evidencia para selección hitchhiking de microsatélite en sardina europea (Sardina pilchardus) y las implicaciones para inferir la estructura del stock
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.03366.29BPalabras clave:
sardina, estructura genetica, ADN microsatelite, selección, Atlántico, MediterráneoResumen
La estructura genética de la sardina europea se evaluó a lo largo de su área de distribución geográfica, con cinco loci de microsatélites. Uno de los loci parecía estar bajo selección por hitchhiking y exhibió una clina latitudinal a lo largo del Atlántico oriental, con el cambio abrupto en las frecuencias alélicas del Mar de Alborán al Mediterráneo Occidental y de la costa Oriental del Atlántico hacia las Azores y Madeira. Este patrón es muy similar al descrito previamente para el locus alozímico SOD*, por lo que estos dos loci podrían estar ligados. Un análisis bayesiano de factores ambientales con los datos genéticos indicó que la temperatura puede ser el factor de selección. La presión de selección puede ser más fuerte en el límite sur de distribución de la sardina, dado que la heterozigosis del locus no neutro fue allí mucho más baja. El abrupto cambio en las frecuencias alélicas de locus no neutro parece estar relacionado más con barreras fuertes al flujo de genes, que no se evidenciaron en el caso de los loci neutrales, que a cambios en la presión de selección. Estas áreas de discontinuidad proporcionan una guía para definir y delinear stocks genéticos y son generalmente consistentes con las áreas de cambio fenotípico de la sardina, pero no están conformes con las subespecies morfológicas actualmente reconocidas.
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