Horizontal distribution of tintinnids in the open waters of the South Adriatic (Eastern Mediterranean)

Authors

  • Frano Krsinic Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Laboratory of Plankton Ecology, Dubrovnik
  • Branka Grbec Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Laboratory of Physical Oceanography

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2006.70n177

Keywords:

ciliates, tintinnids, distribution, Adriatic Sea

Abstract


The horizontal distribution of oceanic tintinnids was studied in the South Adriatic Sea during 11 cruises undertaken between 1980 and 1990. Of the 70 species identified, there were 47 surface, 16 subsurface, 4 mid-water, and 3 deep-sea species. The dominant surface and subsurface species were Dictyocysta mitra and Codonella aspera. Undella claparedei. Parundella lohmanni predominated in the mid-water layers and Xystonellopsis scyphium in the deep-sea layers. Ingression of water masses from the Ionian Sea and the formation of a cyclonic gyre are important in determining the horizontal distribution of tintinnids in the South Adriatic. Periods of strong advection of waters from the Ionian Sea impose a longitudinal type of distribution on tintinnids, characterized by high species diversity, low abundance, and the transport of southern species to the Middle and North Adriatic. This differs from “eddy type” distribution, in which species diversity is lower, population density is greater in all layers, and the transport of species northward ceases. It may be assumed that mesopelagic and deep-sea tintinnids depend on food resources transported by sinking Middle Adriatic dense waters (MadDW).

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Balech, E. – 1959. Tintinnoinea del Mediterraneo. Trab. Inst. Esp. oceanogr., 28: 1-88.

Balech, E. – 1968. Algunas especies nuovas o interesante de Tintinnidos del Golfo México y Caribe. Rev. Mus. Arg. Cien. Nat. “B. Rivadavia” Hidrobiol., 2: 165-197.

Balech, E. – 1975. La familia Undellidae (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Tintinnina). Physis Seccion A. 34: 377-398

Bicanic, Z. – 1993. Some physical and oceanographical characteristics of the Otranto Strait. Acta. Geogr. Croat., 28: 99-112. (in Croatian).

Brandt, K. – 1906. Die Tintinnodeen der Plankton-Expedition. Tafelerklärungen kurze Diagnose der neuen Arten. Ergebn. Atlant. Plankton Exped., 3(L.a.): 33 pp, 70 pls.

Brandt, K. – 1907. Die Tintinnodeen der Plankton-Expedition. Systematischer Teil. Ergebn. Atlant. Plankton Exped., 3(L.a.): 1-449.

Buljan, M. – 1968. Fluctuation on oceanographic properties of the Central Adriatic in the period 1962-1967. Pomorski Zbornik. 6: 845-864. (in Croatian).

Buljan, M. and M. Zore-Armanda. 1976. Oceanographical properties of the Adriatic Sea. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev., 14: 11-98.

Burkill, P. H. – 1982. Ciliates and other microplankton components of a nearshore food-web: Standing Stocks and production processes. Ann. Inst. Océanogr. Paris. 58 (suppl.): 335-350.

Capriulo, G. and E. Carpenter. – 1983. Abundance, species composition and feeding impact of tintinnid micro-zooplankton in central Long Island Sound. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 10: 277-288. doi:10.3354/meps010277

Cordeiro, T. A., F. P. Brandini and P. Martens. – 1997. Spatial distribution of the Tintinnina (Ciliophora, Protista) in the North Sea, spring of 1986. J. Plankton Res., 19: 1371-1383. doi:10.1093/plankt/19.10.1371

Daday, E. – 1886. Ein kleiner Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Infuzorien. Fauna des Golfes von Neapel. Mitth. Zool. Sta. Neapel. 6: 481-498.

Daday, E. – 1887. Monographie der Familie der Tintinnodeen. Mitth. Zool. Sta. Neapel. 7: 473-591.

Degobbis, D. – 1989. Increased eutrophication of the Northern Adriatic Sea. Second Act. Mar. Polut. Bull., 20: 452-457. doi:10.1016/0025-326X(89)90066-0

Dolan, J.R. – 2000. Tintinnid ciliate diversity in the Mediterranean Sea: longitudinal patterns related to water column structure in late spring-early summer. Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 22: 69-78. doi:10.3354/ame022069

Dolan, J.R., F. Vidussi and H. Claustre. – 1999. Planktonic ciliates in the Mediterranean Sea: longitudinal trends. Deep-Sea Research I. 46: 2025-2039. doi:10.1016/S0967-0637(99)00043-6

Entz, G., Jr. – 1904. A Quarnero Tintinnidai. All. Közl., 3: 121-133.

Entz, G., Jr. 1909. Studien über Organisation und Biologie der Tintinniden. Arch. Protistenkd., 15: 94-226.

Faganeli, J., M. Gacˇic´, A. Malej and N. Smodlaka. – 1989. Pelagic organic matter in the Adriatic Sea in relation to winter hydrographic conditions. J. Plankton Res., 11: 1129-1141. doi:10.1093/plankt/11.6.1129

Jörgensen, E. – 1924. Mediterranean Tintinnidae. Report on the Danish oceanographical expeditions 1908-10 to the Mediterranean and adjacent seas. II Biology. 1-110.

Hargraves, P.E. – 1981. Seasonal variation of tintinnids (Ciliophora: Oligotrichida) in Narraganset Bay, Rhode Island. U.S.A. J. Plankton Res., 3: 81-91. doi:10.1093/plankt/3.1.81

Klein, B., W. Roether, B.B. Manca, D. Bregant, V. Beitzel, V. Kovacevic and A. Luchetta. – 1999. The large deep-water transient in the Eastern Mediterranean. Deep-Sea Res. I. Oceanogr. Res. Papers. 46: 371-414. doi:10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00075-2

Kofoid, C.A. and A.S. Campbell. – 1929. A conspectus of the marine and fresh-water ciliata belonging to the suborder Tintinnoinea, with descriptions of new species principally from the Agassiz Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific 1904 -1905. Univ. of Calif. Publ. in Zoology. 34: 1-403.

Kofoid, C.A. and A.S. Campbell. – 1939. The Ciliata: the Tintinnoinea. Boul. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard. 84: 1-473.

Krsinic, F. – 1980. Qualitative and quantitative investigations of the tintinnids along the eastern coast of the Adriatic. Acta Adriat., 21: 19-104 (in Croatian).

Krsinic, F. – 1982. On vertical distribution of Tintinnids (Ciliata, Oligotrichida, Tintinnina) in the open waters of the southern Adriatic. Mar. Biol., 68: 83-90. doi:10.1007/BF00393145

Krsinic, F. – 1987. On the ecology of tintinnids in the Bay of Mali Ston (Eastern Adriatic). Est., Coast. Shelf Sci., 24: 401-418. doi:10.1016/0272-7714(87)90059-X

Krsinic, F. – 1988. The family Xystonellidae (Ciliophora, Tintinnina) in the Adriatic Sea. J. Plankton Res., 10: 413-429. doi:10.1093/plankt/10.3.413

Krsinic, F. – 1990. A new type of zooplankton sampler. J. Plankton Res., 12: 337-343. doi:10.1093/plankt/12.2.337

Krsinic, F.-1998. Vertical distribution of protozoan and microcopepod communities in the South Adriatic Pit. J. Plankton Res., 20: 1033-1060. doi:10.1093/plankt/20.6.1033

Krsinic, F. and R. Precali. – 1997. On the occurrence of oceanic tintinnids with particular consideration of the species Amphorides laackmanni (Jörgensen, 1924), (Ciliophora, Oligotrichida, Tintinnina) in the northern Adriatic Sea. P.S.Z.N.I.: Marine Ecology. 18: 67-81.

Krsinic, F. and B. Grbec. – 2002. Some distributional characteristics of small zooplankton at two stations in the Otranto Strait (Eastern Mediterranean). Hydrobiologia. 482: 119-136. doi:10.1023/A:1021212431253

Laackmann, H. – 1910. Die Tintinnodeen der deutschen Südpolar Expedition 1901-1903. Deutsche Südp. Exped., 11: 340-496.

Laackmann, H. – 1913. Adriatische Tintinnodeen. Sitzungsber. Akad Wiss. Wien Math. Naturwiss. Kl. 122:1-45.

Laval-Peuto, M. – 1981. Construction of the lorica in Ciliata Tintinnina. In vivo study of Favella ehrenbergii: variability of phenotypes during the cycle, biology, statistics, biometry. Protistologica. 17: 242-279.

Laval-Peuto, M. and C. D. Brownlee. – 1986. Identification and systematics of the Tintinnina (Ciliophora): Evaluation and suggestions for improvement. Ann. Inst. océanogr. Paris. 62: 69-84.

Marasovic, I., D. Vilicic, and Z. Nincevic. – 1999. In Malanotte- Rizzoli, P. and V.N. Eremeev (eds.), South Adriatic ecosystem: interaction with the Mediterranean Sea. pp. 383-405. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dodrecht.

Modigh, M. and S. Castaldo. – 2002. Variability and persistence in tintinnid assemblages at a Mediterranean coastal site. Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 28: 299-311. doi:10.3354/ame028299

Modigh, M., S. Castaldo, M. Saggiomo and I. Santarpia. – 2003. Distribution of tintinnid species from 42°N to 43°S through the Indian Ocean. Hydrobiologia. 503: 251-262. doi:10.1023/B:HYDR.0000008477.38383.d6

Orlic´, M., M. Gacˇic´ and P.E. La Violette. – 1992. The current and circulation of the Adriatic Sea. Oceanologica Acta. 15: 109-124.

Paranjape, M.A. – 1987. The seasonal cycles and vertical distribution of tintinnids in Bedford Basin, Nova Scotia, Canada. Can. J. Zool., 65: 41-48.

Pierce, R.W. and Turner, J.T. – 1993. Global biogeography of marine tintinnids. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 94: 11-26. doi:10.3354/meps094011

Pitta, P. and A. Giannakourou. – 2000. Planktonic ciliates in the oligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean: vertical, spatial distribution and mixotrophy. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 194: 269-282. doi:10.3354/meps194269

Pitta, P., A. Giannakourou and U. Christaki. – 2001. Planktonic ciliates in the oligotrophic Mediterranean Sea: longitudinal trends of standing stocks, distributions and analysis of food vacuole contents. Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 24: 297-311. doi:10.3354/ame024297

Pucher-Petkovic´, T. – 1971. Recherches sur la production primaire et la densité des populations du Phytoplancton en Adriatique moyenne (1962-1967). Rapp. P.-v.Réun comm. Int. Explor. Scient. Mer Mediterr., 20: 339-343.

Richman, R.W. – Rotation of principal components. J. Climatol., 3: 293-335.

StatSoft Inc. – 2000 STATISTICA for Windows [Computer program manual]. Tulsa, OK: StatSoft, Inc., 2300 East 14th Street, Tulsa, OK 74104, phone: (918) 749-1119, fax: (918) 749-2217, email: info@statsoft.com, WEB: http://www.statsoft.com.

Solic, M. and N. Krstulovic. – 1991. Time series of heterotrophic bacteria density in central Adriatic Sea. Cont. Shelf Res., 11: 397-407. doi:10.1016/0278-4343(91)90028-5

Thompson, G.A., V.A. Alder, D. Boltovskoy and F. Brandini. – 1999. Abundance and biogeography of tintinnids (Ciliophora) and associated microzooplankton in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. J. Plankton Res., 21: 1265-1298. doi:10.1093/plankt/21.7.1265

Verity, P.G. – 1986. Growth rates of natural tintinnid populations in Narragansett Bay. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 29: 117-126. doi:10.3354/meps029117

Verity, P.G. and D.K. Stocker. – 1982. Effects of Olisthodiscus luteus on the growth and abundance of tintinnids. Mar. Biol., 72: 79-87. doi:10.1007/BF00393951

Vilibic, I. and M. Orlic. – 2001. Last-squares tracer analysis of water masses in the South Adriatic (1967-1990). Deep-Sea Res. I. 48: 2297-2330. doi:10.1016/S0967-0637(01)00014-0

Vilibic, I. and M. Orlic. – 2002. Adriatic water masses, their rates of formation and transport through the Otranto Strait. Deep-Sea Res. I. 49: 1321-1340. doi:10.1016/S0967-0637(02)00028-6

Vilicic´, D. – 1985. An examination of cell volume in dominant phytoplankton species of the middle and southern Adriatic waters. Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol., 70: 829-843.

Vilicic, D., Z. Vucak, A. Skrivanic and Z. Grzetic. – 1989. Phytoplankton blooms in the oligotrophic open south Adriatic waters. Marine Chemistry. 28: 89-107. doi:10.1016/0304-4203(89)90189-8

Vilicic´, D., N. Leder and Z. Grzetic. – 1998. A study of microphytoplankton across the longitudinal front in the Strait of Otranto (May 1990). Period. Biol., 100: 53-58.

Vucetic, T. – 1973. Zooplankton and the circulation pattern of the water masses in the Adriatic. Netherlands J. Sea Res., 7: 112-121. doi:10.1016/0077-7579(73)90037-9

Zore-Armanda, M. – 1963. Les masses d’eau de la mer Adriatique. Acta Adriat., 10: 1-88.

Zore-Armanda, M. – 1968. The system of currents in the Adriatic Sea. Stud. Rev. Gen. Fish Counc. Medit., 34: 1-48.

Downloads

Published

2006-03-30

How to Cite

1.
Krsinic F, Grbec B. Horizontal distribution of tintinnids in the open waters of the South Adriatic (Eastern Mediterranean). Sci. mar. [Internet]. 2006Mar.30 [cited 2024Mar.29];70(1):77-88. Available from: https://scientiamarina.revistas.csic.es/index.php/scientiamarina/article/view/185

Issue

Section

Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)