Influencia del tamaño en la supervivencia de juveniles de merluza en el mar Mediterráneo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04857.16APalabras clave:
supervivencia juvenil, merluza europea, mar Mediterráneo, dependencia del tamañoResumen
La mayoría de estudios de merluza europea se han centrado en el proceso de reclutamiento y sus hábitats preferentes, mientras que la información es mucho más escasa sobre los procesos ecológicos asociados a la fase juvenil (i.e. segundo año de vida aproximadamente), la cual se considera la más impactada por la pesca de arrastre en el Mediterráneo. En este estudio usamos la información del programa MEDITS para investigar, temporal y espacialmente, la posible influencia del tamaño corporal y el crecimiento sobre la supervivencia desde la fase de reclutas (edad 0) a la de juveniles (edad 1). También se ha evaluado la posible influencia de la temperatura y la clorofila superficial. A una escala biogeográfica, los resultados corroboran la influencia de la talla sobre la supervivencia, con mayor supervivencia asociada a áreas de mayor talla media de reclutas y juveniles. El mismo patrón se observó a escala interanual en algunas zonas del oeste el Mediterráneo, en las cuales se detectó también un efecto de denso-dependencia en el reclutamiento. Sin embargo, el patrón interanual más recurrente fue un efecto negativo de la talla sobre la supervivencia, que podría ser atribuido tanto a cambios ontogenéticos en la capturabilidad de los peces como a la posible infraestimación de los pulsos interanuales de reclutamiento que pueden resultar estacionalmente inaccesibles a las campañas MEDITS. Los resultados también evidencian que la supervivencia en Alborán y el Adriático depende de la variabilidad de la producción primaria, y que Córcega y Cerdeña podrían ser potencialmente áreas de alimentación que reciben juveniles de áreas adyacentes. El presente estudio evidencia la importancia de la influencia de la talla corporal y el crecimiento sobre la supervivencia juvenil de la merluza europea en el mar Mediterráneo.
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