Vulnerabilidad de las especies accesorias y su potencial de supervivencia en la pesquería de arrastre de fondo de crustáceos en el Algarve (sur de Portugal)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04740.02APalabras clave:
capturas accesorias, descartes, tiempo-para-mortalidad, características biológicas, supervivencia, arrastre, sur de PortugalResumen
El arrastre de fondo en las aguas costeras portuguesas es una pesquería de gran importancia económica, a pesar de sus efectos negativos sobre los ecosistemas marinos. Esta pesquería captura grandes cantidades de especies no deseadas que antes de la norma de desembarque eran descartadas por diversas razones. Después de la entrada en vigor de dicha norma, el descarte de especies reguladas está prohibido. Sin embargo, existen excepciones si se demuestra que una especie tiene grandes probabilidades de supervivencia después de su descarte. En este estudio, se utilizó un índice tiempo-para-mortalidad para estimar las tasas de mortalidad inmediata e identificar las características biológicas importantes que determinan la vulnerabilidad de 14 especies descartadas, la mayoría con interés comercial (Conger conger, Galeus melastomus, Helicolenus dactylopterus, Lepidorhombus boscii, Lophius budegassa, Lophius piscatorius, Merluccius merluccius, Micromesistius poutassou, Mullus surmuletus, Phycis blennoides, Scyliorhinus canicula, Trigla lyra, Trachurus trachurus y Trachurus picturatus). Además, se realizó un estudio de supervivencia a corto plazo para el congrio (Conger conger). Mediante el índice se determinó las especies con mayor probabilidad de sobrevivir. Los resultados sugieren que las especies con escamas, vejiga natatoria y elevada tasa metabólica tienen una mayor mortalidad post-descarte. El tamaño del animal fue un factor determinante para algunas de las especies estudiadas, observándose una mayor mortalidad en los individuos de menor tamaño. La supervivencia a corto plazo del congrio fue del 84% (95% intervalo de confianza: 75.5 a 93.3%). La metodología y los resultados de este estudio pueden ayudar a identificar las especies con mayor probabilidad de supervivencia al proceso de descarte y factores que influyen en su supervivencia.
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