Variaciones en la alimentación y cambios de forma de un pejesapo de arrecife temperado durante la ontogenia temprana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04555.09APalabras clave:
ecomorfología, ecología trófica, ontogenia, morfometría geométrica, GobiesocidaeResumen
La mayoría de los peces de arrecifes rocosos tienen ciclos de vida complejos, que involucran la transición de un ambiente pelágico a uno bentónico. Esto significa que a medida que un pez crece, su morfología, conducta y alimentación cambian. Por lo tanto, los cambios de forma que ocurren durante la ontogenia temprana estarán relacionados con los cambios dietarios en peces de arrecifes rocosos. Se seleccionó el pejesapo Sicyases sanguineus para este estudio porque presenta una notable variación en forma desde la larva pelágica al estado juvenil, y es esperable que la composición dietaria también cambie. El patrón de cambios de forma fue estudiado usando morfometría geométrica. Se digitalizó un total de 9 landmarks en 159 larvas y juveniles, y los mismos individuos se usaron para análisis de contenido estomacal. El crecimiento alométrico fue mayor al comienzo del desarrollo ontogenético, entre 4 y 12 mm. La forma cambió de delgada e hidrodinámica, a más robusta y profunda antes del asentamiento. La dieta de las larvas de pejesapo mostró preferencia por diferentes estados de desarrollo de copépodos. A medida que los individuos crecieron, se incrementó el volumen de las presas ingeridas, pero no el número o ancho de ellas. Un análisis de Cuadrados Mínimos Parciales mostró baja covarianza entre los cambios morfológicos y dietarios en número y volumen de presas, sugiriendo que ambos procesos están temporalmente desacoplados. Los mayores cambios morfológicos ocurrieron antes de los 12 mm, un alargamiento de la cavidad visceral y un aplanamiento de la cabeza, mientras que la mayor diferenciación dietaria ocurrió después de los 16 mm, cambiando de copépodos a macroalgas. Esto sugiere que los cambios morfológicos preceden a los cambios en dieta en esta especie de pejesapo durante la transición de un hábitat pelágico a uno bentónico.
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