Perturbación de la pesca de arrastre en ecosistemas bentónicos y sus consecuencias en las especies comerciales: un caso de estudio en el Mediterráneo Noroccidental
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04024.19APalabras clave:
bentos, BTA, funcionalidad, pesquería del salmonete, pesca de arrastre, Mediterráneo noroccidentalResumen
Se sabe que la pesca de arrastre provoca una perturbación en los hábitats y ecosistemas bentónicos, lo cual a su vez puede afectar indirectamente a las poblaciones de especies comerciales que viven en estrecha relación con el fondo marino. El nivel de impacto en las comunidades bentónicas y en las especies comerciales depende en ambos casos del nivel de esfuerzo pesquero. Este esfuerzo puede variar a lo largo del año, ya que la dinámica de la flota está normalmente determinada por el ciclo vital de las especies objetivo. En este estudio se describen cambios en los componentes funcionales del bentos de un caladero del Mediterráneo noroccidental que constituye un área de reclutamiento para una importante especie objetivo como es el salmonete de fango (Mullus barbatus). Este caladero experimenta variaciones de la intensidad de esfuerzo pesquero a lo largo del año. Los componentes funcionales del bentos sometidos a estos niveles variables de esfuerzo fueron comparados con los de una zona control que no está sometida a la pesca. Los resultados muestran que características relacionadas con la madurez sexual y el periodo de vida para la infauna y con el tamaño corporal y el periodo de vida para la epifauna variaron con el esfuerzo pesquero. En el trabajo se discuten los efectos potenciales de estos cambios en la funcionalidad del ecosistema y su impacto en la población de salmonete. Para desarrollar planes de gestión pesquera en el marco de la gestión basada en el ecosistema (EBFM) se requiere que estas relaciones entre la perturbación de las comunidades bentónicas debida a la pesca y las especies objetivo sean claramente consideradas.
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