Cambios en la abundancia y distribución espacial del estornino del Atlántico (Scomber colias) en el ecosistema pelágico y pesquerias de Portugal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.03861.07BPalabras clave:
estornino, sardina, Portugal, ecosistema pelágico, pesca de cercoResumen
Este estudio describe los cambios en la abundancia y distribución espacial del estornino del Atlántico en las aguas portuguesas y aguas españolas del golfo de Cádiz a partir de datos de las prospecciones acústicas 1995-2010 y datos de la pesquería desde 1958. La distribución y la dinámica del estornino y de la sardina (Sardina pilchardus) se comparan y se analiza la interacción de las especies. Durante 2007-2009, la biomasa del estornino medida acústicamente osciló entre 69 y 238 mil t y se concentró frente a la costa occidental (~50%) y en el golfo de Cádiz (~30%). Los desembarques portugueses han variado con períodos de altas capturas alrededor de 1970 y en los últimos años. Desde 1986 los desembarques han sido entre 4 y 23 mil t. Ambas capturas de campañas y desembarques comerciales se toman principalmente en la costa sur occidental y individuos de 1-2 años edad (20 a 24 cm) predominan en ambos. La escasez de individuos más grandes puede ser una consecuencia de su distribución más profunda y la evitación de las artes de pesca, la migración de los individuos mayores o una combinación de ambos. En los años de mucha abundancia, la pesquería se expande a las áreas occidentales norte de la Península Ibérica. La expansión parece ser causada por un mejor reclutamiento aunque otros factores pueden haber contribuido (pesca dirigida para compensar las capturas bajas de sardina y la aparición de nuevos mercados). La distribución espacial complementaria de caballa y de sardina y la correlación inversa entre la frecuencia de ocurrencia, los desembarques y los índices de reclutamiento sugieren una interacción entre la dinámica de las dos especies, posiblemente asociados a las variaciones climáticas.
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