Tendencias inter e intra-anuales e indicadores del estado de las poblaciones de elasmobranquios nectobentónicos de las Islas Baleares (Mediterráneo nordoccidental)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.03432.22APalabras clave:
elasmobramquios, evaluación, metodología de los semáforos, indicadores, esfuerzo pesquero, Islas BalearesResumen
Se han evaluado las poblaciones de elasmobranquios explotadas por la pesca de arrastre de las Islas Baleares (Mediterráneo noroccidental) analizando dos series temporales con información a distinto nivel de detalle: 1) una serie larga que contiene únicamente el índice de abundancia de toda la población de elasmobranquios desembarcada entre 1965 y 2009 y 2) una serie corta a lo largo de la primera década del siglo XXI proveniente de dos fuentes de datos diferentes (hojas de venta diarias: 2000-2009; campañas de arrastre de fondo: 2001-2009), que permitieron el análisis, para la plataforma y el talud por separado, de diferentes parámetros de la comunidad además de índices de abundancia. Las tendencias temporales de todas estas variables se usaron como indicadores ecológicos de estado y se testaron aplicando modelos generales aditivos y análisis de la varianza y finalmente se han resumido usando la metodología de los Semáforos. La serie larga mostró dos señales claras, un decrecimiento interanual que podría ser consecuencia del importante incremento del esfuerzo pesquero, y una tendencia intra-anual con un claro pico en mayo, relacionado con el ciclo biológico estacional de estas especies. Así y todo, los datos del primer decenio del siglo XXI revelaron diferencias entre la plataforma y el talud, porque algunos parámetros aumentaron significativamente con el tiempo en el primer caso, pero no siguieron ninguna tendencia en el segundo. Estas diferencias quedaron bien reflejadas en los Semáforos, demostrando su utilidad en reflejar las transiciones ecológicas.
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