Long-term effects of fishing on physiological performance of the Manila clam (<i>Ruditapes philippinarum</i>) in the Lagoon of Venice

Vanessa Moschino; Luis Chicharo; Maria Gabriella Marin

doi:10.3989/scimar.2011.75n1103

Autores/as

Vanessa Moschino Department of Biology, University of Padova - ISMAR-CNR
Luis Chicharo Centre of Marine Sciences, CCMAR, University of Algarve
Maria Gabriella Marin Department of Biology, University of Padova

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2011.75n1103

Palabras clave:

Ruditapes philippinarum, laguna de Venecia, respuesta fisiológica, energía disponible para el crecimiento, impacto de la pesca, crianza de almejas

Resumen

La almeja Ruditapes philippinarum representa un recurso económico importante para la pesca en la laguna de Venecia, donde esta especie se pesca y se cría. Para evaluar los posibles efectos a largo plazo sufridos por las poblaciones de almejas expuestas al esfuerzo de pesca, se han medido algunos marcadores fisiológicos a nivel de los organismos (tasa de aclarado, tasa de respiración, energía disponible para el crecimiento y supervivencia en pruebas fuera del agua). Las almejas se recolectaron estacionalmente en lugares caracterizados por varias prácticas de gestión de la pesca: un área de pesca libre en S.Angelo y un área autorizada para la crianza de almejas en Chioggia, donde se puso una sub-área no usada para la pesca. R. philippinarum recogida en S. Angelo generalmente ha mostrado una actividad de filtración reducida y una consumición de oxígeno más alta, entonces hubo un empeoramiento en el bienestar de las almejas en comparación con los individuos de ambas área de Chioggia. Esta condición, que resulta en valores más bajos en la energía disponible para el crecimiento estandarizada, puede ser explicado por las diferencias ambientales y de la pesca. Confrontando las muestras de Chioggia, las almejas del área no usada para la pesca mostraron un rendimiento fisiológico mejor, aunque no hubo diferencias significativas. En invierno la supervivencia fuera del agua reveló los efectos perjudiciales de la pesca en las almejas, mientras que en otras temporadas esta respuesta generalmente parecía más relacionada con otros factores exógenos y endógenos. Aunque las diferencias entre lugares y estaciones han sido siempre significativas desde un punto de vista estadístico, todos los parámetros indican la gran tolerancia de R. philippinarum al cambio de las condiciones ambientales.

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