Importancia ecológica de la supervivencia de invertebrados no-deseados descartados en distintas pesquerías de arrastre del Mediterráneo nor-occidental

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04784.28A

Palabras clave:

supervivencia del descarte, invertebrados, estimación de mortalidad, estados de vitalidad, arrastre, Mediterráneo

Resumen


Actualmente, hay muy poca información sobre la supervivencia del descarte de los invertebrados no-deseados y no-regulados después del stress de la captura. Un gran número de especies de estos invertebrados son básicas para los hábitats esenciales de importantes recursos pesqueros como la merluza, el salmonete o la sepia. Por lo tanto, información sobre su supervivencia al ser descartados pueden ayudar a interpretar el papel de estas especies dentro de los ecosistemas bentónicos. Además, el punto 6 de la Directiva Marco de Estrategia Marina (MSFD, EU Directive 2008/56/E) prevé mantener la integridad del fondo marino a un nivel que garantice la protección de la estructura y de las funciones de los ecosistemas, y el artículo 7 (d) de la Política Pesquera Común (PPC EU Reg. 1380/2013) prevé la implementación de medidas de gestión para la pesca, que tengan bajo impacto tanto en el ecosistema marino como en los recursos pesqueros. En el caso de las pescas de arrastre de fondo, no es efectiva la estimación de la supervivencia a partir del método directo de captura-recapture de las especies del descarte marcadas, por lo que los estudios alternativos, como las medidas semicuantitativas obtenidas a bordo antes del descarte, pueden considerarse una estimación de la mortalidad apropiada. El presente trabajo evaluó la supervivencia del descarte de especies no-deseadas utilizando una Evaluación Semicuantitativa (SQA) mediante dos estudios: uno sobre la cubierta de los arrastreros y el otro en laboratorio durante un período de 96 horas, en dos áreas del Mediterráneo, las costas Catalanas y en los mares de Liguria y del Tirreno Norte. Los resultados mostraron en ambos estudios, que un alto número de invertebrados descartados tenía un alto porcentaje de supervivencia (>70%). El propósito de estos resultados es proporcionar información que puede ayudar a alcanzar niveles de supervivencia más altos de los individuos descartados. Al mismo tiempo, se espera que con esta mejora se consiga potenciar la productividad de los caladeros al aumentar la salud de los ecosistemas bentónicos.

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Publicado

2018-12-30

Cómo citar

1.
Demestre M, Sartor P, Garcia-de-Vinuesa A, Sbrana M, Maynou F, Massaro A. Importancia ecológica de la supervivencia de invertebrados no-deseados descartados en distintas pesquerías de arrastre del Mediterráneo nor-occidental. Sci. mar. [Internet]. 30 de diciembre de 2018 [citado 19 de mayo de 2024];82(S1):189-98. Disponible en: https://scientiamarina.revistas.csic.es/index.php/scientiamarina/article/view/1777

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