La dieta usada en la cría puede determinar el éxito en la repoblación de peces: el caso de juveniles de corvina Argyrosomus regius criados en cautividad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04140.05APalabras clave:
Argyrosomus regius, programa de repoblación, coste de producción, calidad de los peces, dietaResumen
La resiliencia de los ejemplares criados en cautividad y liberados se incrementa con la edad y el tamaño, pero los costes de producción también aumentan. Por lo tanto, para un presupuesto dado, estas consecuencias del incremento de la edad y el tamaño imponen un compromiso entre la producción de un gran número de peces vulnerables (pequeños) o un pequeño número de peces resistentes (grandes y de más edad). Una vez que el tamaño óptimo para la liberación de peces se ha definido, la elección del protocolo de cría determinará el número y la calidad de los peces que se pueden liberar con un presupuesto dado. En este estudio, se comparó la aplicación de diferentes protocolos de cría a juveniles de corvina (Argyrosomus regius), que es la especie objetivo de un programa de repoblación llevado a cabo en las Islas Baleares (Mediterráneo occidental). Se compararon siete dietas diferentes durante la fase de engorde para identificar cuáles de ellas podrían producir juveniles de buena calidad, de un tamaño dado y al menor coste. La mayoría de las dietas produjeron juveniles de calidad biológica adecuada en términos de crecimiento, condición del pez (estimada a partir de la relación de la longitud con el peso total, el peso del hígado y el peso de la grasa mesentérica) y composición bioquímica del tejido. Una dieta semi-húmeda (Dieta G) proporcionó la mejor tasa de crecimiento, seguida de cerca por un pienso comercial de corvina (Dieta A). Por el contrario, el coste del cultivo de peces con la Dieta A fue menor para cualquier posible tamaño de suelta. Este estudio demuestra la necesidad de considerar tanto la tasa de crecimiento como los costes de producción, con el fin de seleccionar el protocolo de cría que maximiza el número de juveniles que pueden ser producidos para un determinado presupuesto y tamaño de liberación deseado. Estas consideraciones aumentarán, en última instancia, las posibilidades de éxito de los programas de repoblación.
Descargas
Citas
Adams S.M., Greeley M.S. 2000. Ecotoxicological indicators of water quality: using multi-response indicators to assess the health of aquatic ecosystems. Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 123: 103-115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005217622959
Alcoverro T., Duarte C.M., Romero J. 1995. Annual growth dynamics of Posidonia oceanica: contribution of large-scale versus local factors to seasonality. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 120: 203-210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps120203
AOAC. 1997. Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, USA.
Bartley D.M., Bell J.D. 2008. Restocking, stock enhancement, and sea ranching: Arenas of progress. Rev. Fish. Sci. 16: 357-365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641260701678058
Bell J.D., Bartley D.M., Lorenzen K., et al. 2006. Restocking and stock enhancement of coastal fisheries: Potential, problems and progress. Fish. Res. 80: 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2006.03.008
Benejam L., Benito J., García-Berthou E. 2010. Decreases in condition and fecundity of freshwater fishes in a highly polluted reservoir. Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 210: 231-242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-009-0245-z
Blankenship H.L., Leber K.M. 1995. A responsible approach to marine stock enhancement. Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 15: 167-175.
Born A.F., Immink A.J., Bartley D.M. 2004. Marine and coastal stocking: global status and information needs. In: Bartley D.M., Leber K.M. (eds), Marine Ranching. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, pp. 1-12.
Brown C., Day R.L. 2002. The future of stock enhancements: lessons for hatchery practice from conservation biology. Fish Fish. 3: 79-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-2979.2002.00077.x
Cabral H.N., Ohmert B. 2001. Diet of juvenile meagre, Argyrosomus regius, within the Tagus estuary. Cah. Biol. Mar. 42: 289-293.
Coma R., Ribes M., Gili J.-M., et al. 2000. Seasonality in coastal benthic ecosystems. Trends Ecol. Evol. 15: 448-453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(00)01970-4
Cowx I.G. 1994. Stocking strategies. Fish. Manage. Ecol. 1: 15-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.1970.tb00003.x
Chao N.L. 1986. Sciaenidae. In: Whitehead P.J.P., Bauchot M.-L., Hureau J.C., et al. (eds), Poissons de l'Atlantique du Nord-est et de la Méditerranée. Unesco, pp. 865-874.
Chatzifotis S., Villamor Martin-Prat A., Limberis N., et al. 2006. First data on growth of cultured brown meagre Sciaena umbra using diets with different protein and fat contents. Fish. Sci. 72: 83-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-2906.2006.01120.x
Chatzifotis S., Panagiotidou M., Papaioannou N., et al. 2010. Effect of dietary lipid levels on growth, feed utilization, body composition and serum metabolites of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) juveniles. Aquaculture 307: 65-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.07.002
Chatzifotis S., Panagiotidou M., Divanach P. 2012. Effect of protein and lipid dietary levels on the growth of juvenile meagre (Argyrosomus regius). Aquacult. Int. 20: 91-98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-011-9443-y
Duncan N.J., Estévez A., Fernández-Palacios H., et al. 2013. Aquaculture production of meagre (Argyrosomus regius): hatchery techniques, ongrowing and market. In: Allan G., Burnell G. (eds), Advances in Aquaculture Hatchery Technology. Woodhead Publishing Limited, pp. 519-541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857097460.3.519
El-Shebly A.A., El-Kady M.A.H., Hussin A.B., et al. 2007. Preliminary observations on the pond culture of meagre, Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801) (Sciaenidae) in Egypt. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2: 345-352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jfas.2007.345.352
Ellis S.C., Reigh R.C. 1991. Effects of dietary lipid and carbohydrate levels on growth and body composition of juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. Aquaculture 97: 383-394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(91)90330-A
Estévez A., Trevi-o L., Kotzamanis Y., et al. 2011. Effects of different levels of plant proteins on the ongrowing of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) juveniles at low temperatures. Aquacult. Nutr. 17: 572-582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2010.00798.x
Froese R. 2006. Cube law, condition factor and weight-length relationships: history, meta-analysis and recommendations. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 22: 241-253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00805.x
Fushimi H. 2001. Production of juvenile marine finfish for stock enhancement in Japan. Aquaculture 200: 33-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00693-7
García-Berthou E., Carmona-Catot G., Merciai R., et al. 2012. A technical note on seasonal growth models. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 22: 635-640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11160-012-9262-x
Gil M.M., Palmer M., Grau A., et al. 2014a. Adapting to the wild: the case of aquaculture-produced and released meagres Argyrosomus regius. J. Fish Biol. 84: 10-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12241 PMid:24383799
Gil M.M., Palmer M., Grau A., et al. 2014b. First evidence on the growth of hatchery-reared juvenile meagre Argyrosomus regius released in the Balearic Islands coastal region. Aquaculture 434: 78-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.07.032
Gil M.M., Palmer M., Grau A., et al. 2015. Many vulnerable or a few resilient specimens? Finding the optimal for reintroduction/restocking programs. PLoS One 10(9): e0138501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138501 PMid:26394242 PMCid:PMC4578923
González-Quirós R., del Árbol J., García-Pacheco M.M., et al. 2011. Life-history of the meagre Argyrosomus regius in the Gulf of Cádiz (SW Iberian Peninsula). Fish. Res. 109: 140-149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2011.01.031
Grigorakis K., Fountoulaki E., Vasilaki A., et al. 2011. Lipid quality and filleting yield of reared meagre (Argyrosomus regius). Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 46: 711-716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02537.x
Hernández M.D., López M.B., Álvarez A., et al. 2009. Sensory, physical, chemical and microbiological changes in aquacultured meagre (Argyrosomus regius) fillets during ice storage. Food Chem. 114: 237-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.09.045
Hilborn R. 1998. The economic performance of marine stock enhancement projects. Bull. Mar. Sci. 62: 661-674.
Iglesias J., Ojea G., Otero J.J., et al. 2003. Comparison of mortality of wild and released reared 0-group turbot, Scophthalmus maximus, on an exposed beach (Ría de Vigo, NW Spain) and a study of the population dynamics and ecology of the natural population. Fish. Manage. Ecol. 10: 51-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2400.2003.00318.x
Ireland S.C., Beamesderfer R.C.P., Paragamian V.L., et al. 2002. Success of hatchery-reared juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) following release in the Kootenai River, Idaho, USA. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 18: 642-650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00364.x
Isaksson A. 1988. Salmon ranching: a world review. Aquaculture 75: 1-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(88)90018-X
Kam L.E., Leung P., Ostrowski A.C., et al. 2002. Size economies of a Pacific threadfin Polydactylus sexfilis hatchery in Hawaii. J. World Aquac. Soc. 33: 410-424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2002.tb00020.x
Kellison G.T., Eggleston D.B. 2004. Coupling ecology and economy: modeling optimal release scenarios for summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) stock enhancement. Fish. Bull. 102: 78-93.
Kim J.D., Shin S.H. 2006. Growth, feed utilization and nutrient retention of juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) fed moist, semi-moist and extruded diets. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 19: 720-726. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2006.720
Kitada S. 1999. Contribution of hatchery enhancement and comprehensive fishery resource management: from Japanese experience. Marine Ranching: Global Perspectives with Emphasis on the Japanese Experience. FAO Fisheries Circular, pp. 98-130.
Kitada S., Kishino H. 2006. Lessons learned from Japanese marine finfish stock enhancement programmes. Fish. Res. 80: 101-112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2006.03.019
Kristiansen T.S., Jørstad K.E., Otterå H., et al. 1997. Estimates of larval survival of cod by releases of genetically marked yolk-sac larvae. J. Fish Biol. 51: 264-283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb06103.x
Kubitza F., Lovshin L.L. 1997. The use of freeze-dried krill to feed train largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): feeds and training strategies. Aquaculture 148: 299-312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01426-3
Lanari D., Poli B.M., Ballestrazzi R., et al. 1999. The effects of dietary fat and NFE levels on growing European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Growth rate, body and fillet composition, carcass traits and nutrient retention efficiency. Aquaculture 179: 351-364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00170-2
Lazo J.P., Holt J.G., Fauvel C., et al. 2010. Drum-fish or Croakers (Family: Sciaenidae). In: Le Francois N., Jobling M., Carter C., et al. (eds), Finfish Aquaculture Diversification. CABI, pp. 397-431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781845934941.0397
Le Vay L., Carvalho G.R., Quinitio E.T., et al. 2007. Quality of hatchery-reared juveniles for marine fisheries stock enhancement. Aquaculture 268: 169-180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.041
Leber K.M. 1995. Significance of fish size-at-release on enhancement of striped mullet fisheries in Hawaii. J. World Aquac. Soc. 26: 143-153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1995.tb00237.x
Leber K.M., Cantrell R.N., Leung P. 2005. Optimizing cost-effectiveness of size at release in stock enhancement programs. North Am. J. Fish. Manage. 25: 1596-1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M04-093.1
Leung P.S., Lee C.S., Rowland L.W. 1993. Production cost for a finfish hatchery: the case of striped mullet (Mugil cephalus). In: Lee C.S., Su M.S., Liao I.C. (eds), Finfish Hatchery in Asia: Proceedings of Finfish Hatchery in Asia '91. Tungkang Marine Laboratory, pp. 239-244.
Lloret J., Gil de Sola L., Souplet A., et al. 2002. Effects of large-scale habitat variability on condition of demersal exploited fish in the north-western Mediterranean. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 59: 1215-1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.2002.1294
Marshall C.T., Needle C.L., Yaragina N.A., et al. 2004. Deriving condition indices from standard fisheries databases and evaluating their sensitivity to variation in stored energy reserves. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 61: 1900-1917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-128
Mayol J., Grau A.M., Riera F., et al. 2000. Llista Vermella dels Peixos de les Balears. Conselleria de Medi Ambient-Conselleria d'Agricultura i Pesca, Spain, 126 pp. PMCid:PMC111817
Miglavs I., Jobling M. 1989. The effects of feeding regime on proximate body composition and patterns of energy deposition in juvenile Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus. J. Fish Biol. 35: 1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb03387.x
Millamena O.M. 2002. Replacement of fish meal by animal by-product meals in a practical diet for grow-out culture of grouper Epinephelus coioides. Aquaculture 204: 75-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00629-9
Monfort M.C. 2010. Present Market Situation and Prospects of Meagre (Argyrosomus regius), as an Emerging Species in Mediterranean Aquaculture. FAO, Italy.
Munro J.L., Bell J.D. 1997. Enhancement of marine fisheries resources. Rev. Fish. Sci. 5: 185-222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641269709388597
Nakano H. 1996. Comprehensive methodology of evaluation on the finfish larval health. JASFA Bull. 68: 48-54.
Okouchi H., Kitada S., Iwamoto A., et al. 2004. Flounder stock enhancement in Miyako Bay, Japan. In: Bartley D., Leber K.M. (eds), Marine ranching. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, pp. 171-202.
Pastor E., Grau A. 2013. Cultivo de Esciénidos. I: La corvina. In: Oesa, IEO (eds), Diversificación de especies en la piscicultura marina espa-ola. Publicaciones científicas de la Fundación Observatorio Espa-ol de Acuicultura, pp. 121-157.
Pastor E., Grau A., Massutí-Pascual E., et al. 2002. Preliminary results on growth of meagre, Argyrosomus regius (Asso 1801) in sea cages and indoor tanks. Eur. Aquac. Soc. Spec. Publ. 32: 422-423.
Patrick W.S., Bin O., Schwabe K.A., et al. 2006. Hatchery programs, stock enhancement, and cost effectiveness: A case study of the Albemarle Sound/Roanoke River stocking program 1981-1996. Mar. Policy 30: 299-307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2005.02.003
Pauly D. 1990. Length-converted catch curves and the seasonal growth of fishes. Fishbyte 8: 33-38.
Pepper V.A., Nicholls T., Oliver N.P. 1992. An evaluation of the quality of fall-fingerling Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) released to natural lacustrine nursery areas in Newfoundland, Canada. Hydrobiologia 243-244: 249-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007040
Piccolo G., Bovera F., De Riu N., et al. 2008. Effect of two different protein/fat ratios of the diet on meagre (Argyrosomus regius) traits. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 7: 363-371.
Poli B.M., Parisi G., Zampacavallo G., et al. 2003. Preliminary results on quality and quality changes in reared meagre (Argyrosomus regius): body and fillet traits and freshness changes in refrigerated commercial-size fish. Aquacult. Int. 11: 301-311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024840804303
Quéméner L. 2002. Le maigre commun (Argyrosomus regius). Biologie, peche, marche et potentiel aquacole. Editions IFREMER, France.
Quéro J.C., Vayne J.J. 1987. The meagre, Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801) (Pisces, Perciformes, Sciaenidae) from the Bay of Biscay and from more septentrional waters. Rev. Trav. lnst. Pêches Marit. 49: 35-66.
Roo J., Hernández-Cruz C.M., Borrero C., et al. 2010. Effect of larval density and feeding sequence on meagre (Argyrosomus regius; Asso, 1801) larval rearing. Aquaculture 302: 82-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.02.015
Sadovy Y., Cheung W.L. 2003. Near extinction of a highly fecund fish: the one that nearly got away. Fish Fish. 4: 86-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-2979.2003.00104.x
Schnute J., Fournier D. 1980. A new approach to length-frequency analysis: growth structure. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37: 1337-1351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f80-172
Shearer K.D. 1994. Factors affecting the proximate composition of cultured fishes with emphasis on salmonids. Aquaculture 119: 63-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(94)90444-8
Sheridan M.A. 1988. Lipid dynamics in fish: aspects of absorption, transportation, deposition and mobilization. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B: Biochem. Mol. Biol. 90: 679-690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(88)90322-7
Shields R.J. 2001. Larviculture of marine finfish in Europe. Aquaculture 200: 55-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00694-9
Somers I.F. 1988. On a seasonally oscillating growth function. Fishbyte 6: 8-11.
Sparrevohn C.R., Støttrup J.G. 2007. Post-release survival and feeding in reared turbot. J. Sea Res. 57: 151-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2006.08.010
Sproul J.T., Tominaga O. 1992. An economic review of the Japanese flounder stock enhancement project in Ishikari Bay, Hokkaido. Bull. Mar. Sci. 50: 75-88.
Svåsand T., Kristiansen T.S. 1990. Enhancement studies of coastal cod in western Norway. Part IV. Mortality of reared cod after release. J. Cons. int. Explor. Mer 47: 30-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/47.1.30
Svåsand T., Kristiansen T.S., Pedersen T., et al. 2000. The enhancement of cod stocks. Fish Fish. 1: 173-205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-2979.2000.00017.x
Tominaga O., Watanabe Y. 1998. Geographical dispersal and opti mum release size of hatchery-reared Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus released in Ishikari Bay, Hokkaido, Japan. J. Sea Res. 40: 73-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1385-1101(98)00011-2
Tsukamoto K., Kuwada H., Hirokawa J., et al. 1989. Size-dependent mortality of red sea bream, Pagrus major, juveniles released with fluorescent otolith-tags in News Bay, Japan. J. Fish Biol. 35: 59-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb03046.x
Tsukamoto K., Kuwada H., Uchida K., et al. 1999. Fish quality and stocking effectiveness: behavioural approach. In: Howell B.R., Moksness E., Svåsand T. (eds), Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching. Fishing News Books, pp. 203-218. PMid:10202856
Ungson J.R., Matsuda Y., Hirata H., et al. 1993. An economic assessment of the production and release of marine fish fingerlings for sea ranching. Aquaculture 118: 169-181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(93)90454-7
Vargas-Chacoff L., Ruiz-Jarabo I., Páscoa I., et al. 2014. Yearly growth and metabolic changes in earthen pond-cultured meagre Argyrosomus regius. Sci. Mar. 78: 193-202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.03965.06B
Velazco-Vargas J., Tomás-Vidal A., Hamdan M., et al. 2014. Influence of digestible protein levels on growth and feed utilization of juvenile meagre Argyrosomus regius. Aquacult. Nutr. 20: 520-531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anu.12105
Watanabe T. 1982. Lipid nutrition in fish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B: Biochem. Mol. Biol. 73: 3-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(82)90196-1
Wilby A., Mitchell C.E., Blumenthal D., et al. 2009. Biodiversity, food provision and human health. In: Sala O.E., Meyerson L.A. (eds), Biodiversity change and human health: from ecosystem services to spread of disease. Island Press, pp. 13-40.
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2015 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
© CSIC. Los originales publicados en las ediciones impresa y electrónica de esta Revista son propiedad del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, siendo necesario citar la procedencia en cualquier reproducción parcial o total.Salvo indicación contraria, todos los contenidos de la edición electrónica se distribuyen bajo una licencia de uso y distribución “Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional ” (CC BY 4.0). Puede consultar desde aquí la versión informativa y el texto legal de la licencia. Esta circunstancia ha de hacerse constar expresamente de esta forma cuando sea necesario.
No se autoriza el depósito en repositorios, páginas web personales o similares de cualquier otra versión distinta a la publicada por el editor.
