La pesca artesanal cerca de una reserva marina litoral rocosa en el Mediterráneo noroccidental (Islas Medes) después de dos décadas de limitación de la actividad pesquera
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.03471.07FPalabras clave:
pesca artesanal, métier, Mediterráneo NO, reserva marina, Islas MedesResumen
En 1983 se prohibió la pesca en la reserva marina de las Islas Medes (511 ha, con una zona estrictamente protegida y una zona parcialmente protegida). Este estudio es el resultado de un programa de seguimiento (muestreo a bordo de barcas de pesca desde junio de 2003 a diciembre de 2005) para la caracterización de la pesca artesanal realizada cerca de la reserva. Fueron identificadas un total de 109 especies. En base a los perfiles de captura y para trasmallo, palangre y beta, se identificaron los distintos métiers en uso. Las principales especies objetivo de la pesca incluyeron el salmonete de roca (Mullus surmuletus), lenguado (Solea solea), dorada (Sparus aurata), sepia (Sepia officinalis), breca (Pagellus erythrinus), lubina (Dicentrarchus labrax), langosta (Palinurus elephas), merluza (Merluccius merluccius). La mayor parte de la captura estuvo constituida por ejemplares maduros y los descartes fueron muy bajos o inexistentes. La excepción fue Palinurus elephas, con capturas constituidas mayoritariamente por juveniles. Los parámetros estimados para los stocks de Mullus surmuletus, Pagellus erythrinus, Sparus aurata y Scorpaena porcus (Lc talla media de captura; Lopt longitud en el máximo rendimiento por recluta; Y/Rc; Y/Rmax; Y/R a F(0.1), Y/R(0.1)) y las distribuciones de tallas explotadas, con presencia de ejemplares de gran tamaño, sugieren una situación de baja presión pesquera.
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