Morphological and molecular evidence of cryptic speciation in sympatric colour morphotypes of Mycale (Carmia) cecilia (Porifera: Poecilosclerida) from the Mexican Pacific

Ana Castillo-Páez; Raúl Llera-Herrera; José Antonio Cruz-Barraza

doi:10.3989/scimar.05339.082

Autores/as

Ana Castillo-Páez Institute of Marine Sciences and Limnology, Mazatlán Academic Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4428-2217
Raúl Llera-Herrera Institute of Marine Sciences and Limnology, Mazatlán Academic Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9873-9732
José Antonio Cruz-Barraza Institute of Marine Sciences and Limnology, Mazatlán Academic Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5472-3288

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05339.082

Palabras clave:

Porífera, categorías de anisoquelas, especies crípticas, COI, ARNr 28S, ITS1, morfotipo de color, transcriptómica

Resumen

Identificar especies crípticas es fundamental para comprender la biodiversidad marina y optimizar estrategias para su conservación. Una comprensión sólida de la diversidad de los poríferos es una tarea compleja; puesto que ha sido extremadamente obstaculizada debido a la alta plasticidad fenotípica y al número limitado de caracteres diagnósticos. Mycale (Carmia) cecilia tiene diferentes colores corporales incluso en individuos que viven uno al lado del otro. Probamos si la variación de color podría deberse a polimorfismos, plasticidad fenotípica o especiación críptica. Las reconstrucciones filogenéticas de loci nucleares y mitocondriales fueron congruentes. Los individuos de diferente color corporal no se agrupaban y tenían altos niveles de divergencia genética. El morfotipo verde se agrupó en casi todas las reconstrucciones con Mycale (C.) phyllophila, mostrando también una elevada similitud genética a nivel transcriptómico (transcriptoma público). Morfológicamente, los individuos verdes mostraron consistentemente discrepancias con los individuos rojos. Estos resultados sugieren que todos los individuos con el mismo color corporal ya sea rojo o verde corresponden a la misma especie, mientras que los individuos con diferentes colores corporales probablemente pertenecen a especies diferentes. Estos resultados revelan altos niveles de diversidad morfológica y genética, lo que podría tener implicaciones importantes para lo que se conoce como M. (C.) cecilia y la sistemática Mycalidae.

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