Decapod crustacean assemblages off the West coast of central Italy (western Mediterranean)

Emanuela Fanelli; Francesco Colloca; Giandomenico Ardizzone

doi:10.3989/scimar.2007.71n119

Autores/as

Emanuela Fanelli IAMC-CNR Marine Ecology Laboratory
Francesco Colloca Department of Animal and Human Biology, University of Rome “la Sapienza”, Rome
Giandomenico Ardizzone Department of Animal and Human Biology, University of Rome “la Sapienza”, Rome

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2007.71n119

Palabras clave:

distribución, asociaciones, Decapoda, Mediterráneo

Resumen

Se ha estudiado la estructura de la comunidad y la composición faunística de crustáceos decápodos en la costa oeste de Italia central (Mediterráneo occidental). Las muestras fueron tomadas durante cinco campañas de prospección pesquera demersal llevadas a cabo entre Junio 1996 y Junio 2000 a profundidades comprendidas entre 16 y 750 m de profundidad. Análisis multivariantes mostraron la presencia de cinco asociaciones faunísticas: 1) una comunidad estrictamente costera sobre fondos de arena a profundiades <35 m; 2) una comunidad de la plataforma continental media sobre fondos arenosofangosos a profundidades comprendidas entre 50 y 100 m; 3) una comunidad del borde de la plataforma continental hasta los 200 m, como asociación de transición; 4) una comunidad de talud superior entre 200 y 450 m, y 5) una comunidad del talud medio a profundidades superiores a 450 m. La existencia de una transición plataforma-talud es una característica del Mediterráneo occidental y central, en la que la facies de Leptometra phalangium se encuentra en muchas áreas a profundidades comprendidas entre 120 y 180 m. El cangrejo braquiuro Liocarcinus depurator domina en los fondos someros fangoso- arenosos de la plataforma continental, mientras que Parapenaeus longirostris es la especie más abundante desde la plataforma continental hasta la asociación del talud superior. Las especies dominantes en el talud medio son principalmente nectobentónicas (Aristeus antennatus, Aristaeomorpha foliacea, Plesionika martia), bentopelágicas (Pasiphaea sivado) y bentónicas (Nephrops norvegicus). La diversidad media de las cinco asociaciones definidas aumenta con la profundidad, encontrándose los valores máximos de diversidad en las asociaciones del talud continental. La profundidad es el principal factor influyente sobre la composición de las asociaciones de crustáceos decápodos, pero el tipo de sedimento y el contenido en materia orgánica parecen ser factores estructurales secundarios, particularmente en la plataforma continental.

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