Effects of six diets on the growth and survival rates of postlarvae of red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) and its hybrid (H. rufescens ♀ × H. fulgens ♂)

Francesco  Cicala; Miguel A.  Tripp-Valdez; Vincent  Montes-Orozco; Gesem S.  Cervantes-Vazquez; Fabiola  Lafarga-De la Cruz

doi:10.3989/scimar.05300.055

Autores/as

Francesco Cicala Department of Biomedical Innovation, Centre for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1116-4310
Miguel A. Tripp-Valdez Aquaculture Department, Centre for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1364-6885
Vincent Montes-Orozco Aquaculture Department, Centre for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9969-2788
Gesem S. Cervantes-Vazquez Aquaculture Department, Centre for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-5378
Fabiola Lafarga-De la Cruz Aquaculture Department, Centre for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5101-9364

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05300.055

Palabras clave:

destete, Haliotis rufescens, Haliotis fulgens, vigor híbrido, Macrocystis pyrifera, diatomea bentónica

Resumen

Uno de los principales cuellos de botella en la acuicultura de abulón es el mantenimiento de los individuos durante la fase de destete, cuando la dieta natural cambia de diatomeas (postlarvas) a macroalgas (juveniles). Durante este período, el abulón pasa por profundos cambios morfológicos y fisiológicos, que deben ser sostenidos por una alimentación adecuada. Una dieta inadecuada puede provocar efectos adversos como: metamorfosis tardía, inanición, crecimiento lento e incluso la muerte durante esta fase. Por ello, se han propuesto dos estrategias para aumentar las tasas de crecimiento y supervivencia del abulón durante la fase de destete: (i) ampliar el período de alimentación con diatomeas bentónicas y (ii) la hibridación de abulones mediante cruces interespecíficos. Para determinar la eficacia de ambas estrategias, se evaluaron las tasas de crecimiento y supervivencia de postlarvas de abulón rojo puro (Haliotis rufescens) y de un híbrido obtenido mediante el cruce de hembras de abulón rojo y machos de abulón azul (H. fulgens). A ambos cruces se les suministraron seis dietas diferentes consistentes en una mono dieta de macroalgas (Macrocystis pyrifera, Ulva ohnoi) o en una mezcla con Navicula incerta. En general, con las dietas específicas para cada cruce se obtuvieron mejores tasas de crecimiento, lo que sugiere que cada cruce requiere alimentos (nutrientes) específicos durante el destete. Además, el abulón rojo puro mostró en general las tasas de crecimiento más altas, mientras que en el abulón híbrido se obtuvieron las mayores tasas de supervivencia con la mayoría de las dietas probadas. Por lo que los híbridos parecen soportar mejor las condiciones de estrés, y su uso en la acuicultura podría ayudar a reducir las pérdidas y aumentar su producción comercial.

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