Relación entre el patrón de cuidados maternales y la tasa de crecimiento de las crías en el león marino sudamericano (Carnivora)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05128.008Palabras clave:
Otaria flavescens, Otaria byronia, tasa de crecimiento de las crías, hembras lactantes, composición de la leche, buceo, viajes de alimentaciónResumen
Las hembras lactantes de los otáridos difieren en la duración y frecuencia de sus viajes de alimentación, lo que puede afectar a la duración y frecuencia de los episodios de lactancia de las crías y, en consecuencia, a su crecimiento, a menos que las hembras modifiquen la densidad energética de la leche y/o la cantidad total de leche suministrada en función de la duración del viaje. Para comprobar la validez de esta hipótesis en los leones marinos sudamericanos, medimos dos componentes del patrón de cuidado maternal (la duración de los viajes de alimentación y la duración del tiempo en tierra) y tres componentes del comportamiento de buceo (tiempo de buceo, tiempo en el fondo y número de inmersiones por hora) de las hembras lactantes en dos colonias diferentes de Uruguay y Argentina, así como la composición y densidad energética de su leche y la tasa de crecimiento de sus crías. Las duraciones de los viajes de alimentación y del tiempo en tierra de las hembras dependieron del sexo y peso de las crías, mientras que la densidad energética de la leche dependió de la masa corporal de la hembra y la duración de los viajes de alimentación. Por el contrario, las tres variables de buceo no estuvieron relacionadas con la masa corporal de la hembra ni con el sexo de la cría. El crecimiento de las crías también fue independiente de la duración del viaje de alimentación y del tiempo en tierra, siendo el sexo de las crías la única variable significativa. Esto sugiere que las diferencias individuales en el comportamiento de alimentación de las hembras juegan un papel menor en la determinación de las tasas de crecimiento de las crías durante las tres semanas inmediatamente posteriores al parto.
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