Moluscos de hábitats bentónicos del volcán de fango Gazul (Golfo de Cádiz)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05027.17APalabras clave:
moluscos, Gazul, volcán de fango, Golfo de Cádiz, biodiversidad, emisiones frías, hábitats vulnerables, aguas profundasResumen
Se estudiaron los moluscos del volcán de fango Gazul y sus zonas adyacentes, en el norte del Golfo de Cádiz, utilizando diferentes métodos de muestreo. Este volcán de fango destaca por la presencia de hábitats vulnerables de aguas profundas y una alta biodiversidad potencial. Se identificaron un total de 232 especies de la taxocenosis y la tanatocenosis, de las cuales 86 son nuevas citas para el margen español del Golfo de Cádiz, tres de ellas son nuevas citas para aguas españolas y dos especies son nuevas para la ciencia. La alta riqueza de especies detectada podría estar relacionada con la combinación de diferentes métodos de muestreo, el estudio de la tanatocenosis, la alta heterogeneidad del hábitat y la ubicación geográfica del volcán de fango Gazul entre diferentes regiones biogeográficas. Las especies mejor representadas fueron Bathyarca philippiana, Asperarca nodulosa, Leptochiton sp., Astarte sulcata y Limopsis angusta. La tanatocenosis contenía, con baja frecuencia, especies típicas de latitudes superiores, especies indicadoras de emisiones pasadas, especies de la plataforma y especies restringidas a huéspedes particulares. La taxocenosis encontrada en las diferentes zonas de Gazul (edificio del volcán de fango, depresión erosiva y fondos adyacentes) generalmente mostró diferencias significativas en los análisis multivariantes. Además, los parámetros ambientales más vinculados con la malacofauna fueron los relacionados con la complejidad ambiental y la disponibilidad de alimento.
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