Efecto de la hipersalinidad sobre el crecimiento y anomalías esqueléticas en juveniles de sargo del Cabo, Rhabdosargus holubi (Sparidae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04859.24APalabras clave:
fisiología de peces, anomalías de crecimiento, hipersalinidad, desarrollo esqueléticoResumen
Los organismos que habitan en estuarios están expuestos a condiciones de hipersalinidad durante períodos de sequía y en momentos en los que el aporte de agua fluvial se reduce de forma importante por substracción de aguas o presencia de embalses. Así, los peces marinos que dependen de los estuarios, como Rhabdosargus holubi, pueden estar expuestos a condiciones extremas, tales como una hipersalinidad de larga duración ( > 2 meses). La hipersalinidad puede afectar los requerimientos energéticos de los peces debido al proceso de osmoregulación y comprometer el correcto crecimiento del individuo. Este estudio investigó el impacto de altas salinidades sobre el crecimiento y el desarrollo esquelético en juveniles de Rhabdosargus holubi. Se analizó el esqueleto de juveniles crecidos en diferentes salinidades, tanto en el medio natural como en acuarios, para detectar la presencia de anomalías esqueléticas. Además, se estudió el impacto de condiciones de hipersalinidad en acuarios, sobre el crecimiento de juveniles de Rhabdosargus holubi. Los experimentos en acuario indicaron que una exposición de 2 meses a hipersalinidad de 50 no afectaron significativamente las tasas de crecimiento. La presencia de anomalías esqueléticas fue escasa y en concreto, las relativas a las vértebras fueron similares entre los grupos expuestos a las diferentes salinidades. Sin embargo, si se detectó un impacto significativo sobre el desarrollo de los radios de las aletas en los peces expuestos a altas salinidades en el medio natural. En conclusión, los resultados del estudio sugieren que la fuerte capacidad osmoreguladora de R. holubi le protege contra los efectos de la hipersalinidad sobre las estructuras internas, pero no sobre las estructuras externas, que permanecerían vulnerables a estas condiciones. Así, desde el punto de vista de la locomoción, R. holubi sería vulnerable a una exposición prolongada a condiciones de hipersalinidad.
Descargas
Citas
Adams J.B., Cowie M., Van Niekerk L. 2016. Assessment of completed ecological water requirement studies for South African estuaries and responses to changes in freshwater inflow. Water Research Commission, WRC Report No. KV 352/15, Pretoria, 57 pp.
Alarape S.A., Hussein T.O., Adetunji E.V., et al. 2015. Skeletal and other morphological abnormalities in cultured Nigerian African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822). Int. J. Fish. Aquat. Stud. 2: 20-25.
Ayed N., Faure E., Quignard J.-P., et al. 2008. Incidence of kyphosis deformities in natural population of Atherina lagunae (Trabelsi et al. 2002) from the Tunis North Lake, Tunisia. Mar. Biol. 153: 319-325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-007-0813-y
Baird D., Hannekom N.M., Grindley J.R. 1986. Estuaries of the Cape. Part II: synopsis of available information on individual systems. CSIR Report No. 23, Stellenbosch, 82 pp.
Blaber S.J.M. 1973a. The ecology of juvenile Rhabdosargus holubi (Steinachner) (Teleostei: Sparidae). PhD thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 123 pp.
Blaber S.J.M. 1973b. Temperature and salinity tolerance of juvenile Rhabdosargus holubi [Steindachner (Teleostei: Sparidae)]. J. Fish Biol. 5: 593-598. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1973.tb04492.x
Blaber S.J.M. 1974a. Field studies of the diet of Rhabdosargus holubi (Pisces: Teleostei: Sparidae). J. Zool. 173: 407-417. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1974.tb04123.x
Blaber S.J.M. 1974b. Osmoregulation in juvenile Rhabdosargus holubi (Steindachner) (Teleostei: Sparidae). J. Fish Biol. 6: 797-800. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1974.tb05122.x
Boeuf G., Payan P. 2001. How should salinity influence fish growth? Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 130: 411-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1532-0456(01)00268-X
Boglione C., Gagliardi F., Scardi M., et al. 2001. Skeletal descriptors and quality assessment in larvae and post-larvae of wild-caught and hatchery-reared gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L. 1758). Aquaculture 192: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00446-4
Boglione C., Marino G., Giganti M., et al. 2009. Skeletal anomalies in dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe 1834) juveniles reared with different methodologies and larval densities. Aquaculture 291: 48-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.02.041
Boglione C., Gavaia P., Koumoundouros G., et al. 2013a. Skeletal anomalies in reared European fish larvae and juveniles. Part 1: normal and anomalous skeletogenic processes. Rev. Aquacult. 5: S99-S120. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12015
Boglione C., Gisbert E., Gavaia P., et al. 2013b. Skeletal anomalies in reared European fish larvae and juveniles. Part 2: main typologies, occurrences and causative factors. Rev. Aquac. 5: S121-S167. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12016
Boglione C., Pulcini D., Scardi M., et al. 2014. Skeletal anomaly monitoring in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) reared under different conditions. PLoS ONE 9: e96983. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096983
Brauner C.J., Gonzalez R.J., Wilson J.M. 2012. Extreme environments: hypersaline, alkaline and ion-poor waters. In: McCormick S.D., Farrell A.P., Brauner C.J. (eds), Fish physiology: Euryhaline fishes. Academic Press, Cambridge, pp. 435-476. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-396951-4.00009-8
Claireaux G., Lagardère J.P. 1999. Influence of temperature, oxygen and salinity on the metabolism of the European sea bass. J. Sea Res. 42: 157-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1385-1101(99)00019-2
Deane E.E., Woo N.Y.S. 2009. Modulation of fish growth hormone levels by salinity, temperature, pollutants and aquaculture related stress: a review. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 19: 97-120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-008-9091-0
Denson M.R., Stuart K.R., Smith T.I., et al. 2003. Effects of salinity on growth, survival, and selected hematological parameters of juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum. J. World Aquac. Soc. 34: 496-504. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2003.tb00088.x
Divanach P., Boglione C., Menu B., et al. 1996. Abnormalities in finfish mariculture: an overview of the problem, causes and solutions. International Workshop on Sea Bass and Sea Bream Culture: Problems and Prospects, Verona, pp. 45-66.
Divanach P., Papandroulakis N., Anastasiadis P., et al. 1997. Effect of water currents on the development of skeletal deformities in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) with functional swimbladder during postlarval and nursery phase. Aquaculture 156: 145-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00072-0
Durand J.R. 2015. A conceptual model of the aquatic food web of the upper San Francisco Estuary. San Francisco Estuary Watershed Sci. 13: 1-37. https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2015v13iss3art5
Edworthy C., Strydom N.A. 2016. Habitat partitioning by juvenile fishes in a temperate estuarine nursery, South Africa. Sci. Mar. 80: 151-161. https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04333.01B
Ern R., Huong D.T.T., Cong N.V., et al. 2014. Effect of salinity on oxygen consumption in fishes: a review. J. Fish Biol. 84: 1210-1220. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12330
Gillanders B.M., Elsdon T.S., Halliday I.A., et al. 2011. Potential effects of climate change on Australian estuaries and fish utilising estuaries: a review. Mar. Freshw. Res. 62: 1115-1131. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF11047
Gonzalez R.J. 2012. The physiology of hyper-salinity tolerance in teleost fish: a review. J. Comp. Physiol. B 182: 321-329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-011-0624-9
Gonzalez R.J., Cooper J., Head D. 2005. Physiological responses to hyper-saline waters in sailfin mollies (Poecilia latipinna). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Mol. Integr. Physiol. 142: 397-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.08.008
Götz A., Cowley P.C. 2013. Cape stumpnose (Rhabdosargus holubi). In: Mann (ed) South African Marine Linefish Species Profiles. Oceanogr. Res. Inst. Spec. Publ. 9: 268-269, Durban.
Grant G.N., Cowley P.D., Bennett R.H., et al. 2017. Influences of selected geophysical and environmental drivers on the movement patterns of Rhabdosargus holubi in a southern African estuary. Environ. Biol. Fish. 100: 1265-1283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-017-0641-y
Harrison T.D., Whitfield A.K. 2006. Temperature and salinity as primary determinants influencing the biogeography of fishes in South African estuaries. Est. Coast Shelf Sci. 66: 335-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2005.09.010
Hostetter N.J., Evans A.F., Roby D.D., et al. 2012. Susceptibility of juvenile steelhead to avian predation: the influence of individual fish characteristics and river conditions. Trans. Am. Fish Soc. 141: 1586-1599. https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.716011
Izquierdo M.S., Socorro J., Roo J. 2010. Studies on the appearance of skeletal anomalies in red porgy: effect of culture intensiveness, feeding habits and nutritional quality of live preys. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 26: 320-326. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01429.x
James N.C., Cowley P.D., Whitfield A.K. 2007. Abundance, recruitment and residency of two sparids in an intermittently open estuary in South Africa. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 29: 527-538. https://doi.org/10.2989/AJMS.2007.29.3.18.348
James N.C., van Niekerk L., Whitfield A.K., et al. 2013. Effects of climate change on South African estuaries and associated fish species. Clim. Res. 57: 233-248. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01178
Kisten Y. 2018. The effects of environmental variability on the physiology and ecology of Cape stumpnose Rhabdosargus holubi (Steindachner, 1881) (Sparidae). PhD thesis, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 115 pp.
Koehn J.D., Hobday A.J., Pratchett M.S., et al. 2011. Climate change and Australian marine and freshwater environments, fishes and fisheries: synthesis and options for adaptation. Mar. Freshw. Res. 62: 1148-1164. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF11139
Kültz D. 2015. Physiological mechanisms used by fish to cope with salinity stress. J. Exp. Biol. 218: 1907-1914. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.118695
Latremouille D.N. 2003. Fin erosion in aquaculture and natural environments. Rev. Fish. Sci. 11: 315-335. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641260390255745
Muller C., Strydom N.A. 2017. Evidence for habitat residency and isotopic niche partitioning in a marine-estuarine-dependent species associated with mangrove habitats from the east coast of South Africa. Estuar. Coasts 40: 1642-1652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-017-0240-3
Nel L., Strydom N.A., Perissinotto R., et al. 2017. Feeding ecology of Rhabdosargus holubi (family Sparidae) in multiple vegetated refugia of selected warm temperate estuaries in South Africa. Est. Coast. Shelf Sci. 197: 194-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.08.026
Pattrick P., Strydom N.A. 2014. Recruitment of fish larvae and juveniles into two estuarine nursery areas with evidence of ebb tide use. Est. Coast Shelf. Sci. 149: 120-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2014.08.003
Potter I.C., Chuwen B.M., Hoeksema S.D., et al. 2010. The concept of an estuary: A definition that incorporates systems which can become closed to the ocean and hypersaline. Est. Coast. Shelf Sci. 87: 497-500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2010.01.021
Potts W.M., Götz A., James N. 2015. Review of the projected impacts of climate change on coastal fishes in southern Africa. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 25: 603-630. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-015-9399-5
Strydom N.A. 2015. Patterns in larval fish diversity, abundance, and distribution in temperate South African estuaries. Estuar. Coasts 38: 268-284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-014-9801-x
Strydom N.A., Whitfield A.K., Wooldridge T.H. 2003. The role of estuarine type in characterizing early stage fish assemblages in warm temperate estuaries, South Africa. Afr. Zool. 38: 29-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2003.11657192
Swanson C. 1998. Interactive effects of salinity on metabolic rate, activity, growth and osmoregulation in the euryhaline milkfish (Chanos chanos). J. Exp. Biol. 201: 3355-3366.
Taylor W.R., Van Dyke G.C. 1985. Revised procedures for staining and clearing small fishes and other vertebrates for bone and cartilage study. Cybium 9: 107-109.
Teske P.R., Wooldridge T. 2001. A comparison of the macrobenthic faunas of permanently open and temporarily open/closed South African estuaries. Hydrobiologia 464: 227-243. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013995302300
Turpie J.K., Adams J.B., Joubert A. et al. 2002. Assessment of the conservation priority status of South African estuaries for use in management and water allocation. Water SA 28: 191-206. https://doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v28i2.4885
Wallace J.H., Kok H.M., Beckley L.E., et al. 1984. South African estuaries and their importance to fishes. S. Afr. J. Sci. 80: 203-207.
Whitfield A.K. 1998. Biology and ecology of fishes in South African estuaries. In: Smith J.L.B. (ed), Ichthyological Monographs 2, Institute for Ichthyology, Grahamstown, 223 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.141872
Whitfield A.K., Baliwe N.G. 2013. A century of science in South African estuaries: Bibliography and review of research trends. SANCOR Occasional Report No. 7, 289 pp. https://sancor.nrf.ac.za/Shared%20Documents/Reports%20 documents/SANCOR%20Occasional%20Report%20No%207.pdf
Whitfield A.K., Blaber S.J.M., Cyrus D.P. 1981. Salinity ranges of some southern African fish species occurring in estuaries. Afr. Zool. 16: 151-155. https://doi.org/10.1080/02541858.1981.11447750
Whitfield A.K., Taylor R.H., Fox C., et al. 2006. Fishes and salinities in the St Lucia estuarine system-a review. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 16: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-006-0003-x
Whitfield A.K., Grant G.N., Bennett R.H., et al. 2017. Causes and consequences of human induced impacts on a ubiquitous estuary-dependent marine fish species. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 28: 19-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-017-9499-5
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2019 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
© CSIC. Los originales publicados en las ediciones impresa y electrónica de esta Revista son propiedad del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, siendo necesario citar la procedencia en cualquier reproducción parcial o total.
Salvo indicación contraria, todos los contenidos de la edición electrónica se distribuyen bajo una licencia de uso y distribución “Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional ” (CC BY 4.0). Consulte la versión informativa y el texto legal de la licencia. Esta circunstancia ha de hacerse constar expresamente de esta forma cuando sea necesario.
No se autoriza el depósito en repositorios, páginas web personales o similares de cualquier otra versión distinta a la publicada por el editor.
