Efecto de la hipersalinidad sobre el crecimiento y anomalías esqueléticas en juveniles de sargo del Cabo, Rhabdosargus holubi (Sparidae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04859.24APalabras clave:
fisiología de peces, anomalías de crecimiento, hipersalinidad, desarrollo esqueléticoResumen
Los organismos que habitan en estuarios están expuestos a condiciones de hipersalinidad durante períodos de sequía y en momentos en los que el aporte de agua fluvial se reduce de forma importante por substracción de aguas o presencia de embalses. Así, los peces marinos que dependen de los estuarios, como Rhabdosargus holubi, pueden estar expuestos a condiciones extremas, tales como una hipersalinidad de larga duración ( > 2 meses). La hipersalinidad puede afectar los requerimientos energéticos de los peces debido al proceso de osmoregulación y comprometer el correcto crecimiento del individuo. Este estudio investigó el impacto de altas salinidades sobre el crecimiento y el desarrollo esquelético en juveniles de Rhabdosargus holubi. Se analizó el esqueleto de juveniles crecidos en diferentes salinidades, tanto en el medio natural como en acuarios, para detectar la presencia de anomalías esqueléticas. Además, se estudió el impacto de condiciones de hipersalinidad en acuarios, sobre el crecimiento de juveniles de Rhabdosargus holubi. Los experimentos en acuario indicaron que una exposición de 2 meses a hipersalinidad de 50 no afectaron significativamente las tasas de crecimiento. La presencia de anomalías esqueléticas fue escasa y en concreto, las relativas a las vértebras fueron similares entre los grupos expuestos a las diferentes salinidades. Sin embargo, si se detectó un impacto significativo sobre el desarrollo de los radios de las aletas en los peces expuestos a altas salinidades en el medio natural. En conclusión, los resultados del estudio sugieren que la fuerte capacidad osmoreguladora de R. holubi le protege contra los efectos de la hipersalinidad sobre las estructuras internas, pero no sobre las estructuras externas, que permanecerían vulnerables a estas condiciones. Así, desde el punto de vista de la locomoción, R. holubi sería vulnerable a una exposición prolongada a condiciones de hipersalinidad.
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