Climate influences on Guiana dolphin diet along the Brazilian coast

Gabriel M. Rupil; Juliano André Bogoni; Lupércio Barbosa; Milton César C. Marcondes; Ana Paula Cazerta Farro

doi:10.3989/scimar.04775.27A

Autores/as

Gabriel M. Rupil Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical (PPGBT); Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo (CEUNES); Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) - Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia (POSECO); Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC); Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos (LAMAQ) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0693-3456
Juliano André Bogoni Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia (POSECO); Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC); Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos (LAMAQ) - Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Laboratório de Ecologia, Manejo e Conservação de Fauna Silvestre (LEMaC) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8541-0556
Lupércio Barbosa Organização Consciência Ambiental – Instituto ORCA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5091-1844
Milton César C. Marcondes Instituto Baleia Jubarte (IBJ) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0100-118X
Ana Paula Cazerta Farro Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical (PPGBT); Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo (CEUNES); Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3536-1653

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04775.27A

Palabras clave:

plasticidad trófica, delfín costero, estuario, árbol de regresión, variables meteorológicas

Resumen

Sotalia guianensis es un delfín de pequeño porte cuya área de ditribución abarca el litoral atlántico desde Honduras hasta el sur de Brasil. Al día de la fecha, pese a que la dieta de este delfín ya ha sido descrita en anteriores trabajos, las posibles relaciones entre la ingesta de determinadas presas y los cambios en las variables ambientales aún se ignoran. En nuestro trabajo, describimos la dieta de estos delfines a través del análisis de contenidos estomacales y recopilamos una extensa base de datos a efectos de desvendar posibles patrones en la ecologia trófica de la especie a lo largo de la costa atlántica sudoriental brasileña. Usamos un conjunto de descriptores para caracterizar la dieta de estos delfines, probamos posibles diferencias por medio de un análisis de variancia multivariada y cuantificamos el grado de solapamiento trófico entre grupos utilizando el índice de Morisita. Además, analizamos la plasticidad trófica de la especie por medio de un árbol de regresión seguido de una ordenación. Presentamos nuevos registros de presas para la especie en Brasil. Los principales resultados que obtuvimos confirman los hábitos oportunistas que caracterizan a estos delfines y evidencian que sus presas más frecuentes y abundantes son a su vez abundantes en estuarios, como peces pertenecientes a la familia Sciaenidae. Dichos hábitos oportunistas podrían estar relacionados con la característica plasticidad trófica de la especie. Corroboramos que la plasticidad trófica del delfín costero se debe a su capacidad de predar en un amplio rango de condiciones climáticas, aunque sus presas más comunes se encuentran en estuarios. Desde el punto de vista de la Ecología de la Conservación, concluímos que los estuarios son ambientes de relevante importancia para estos delfines y otros mamíferos marinos simpátricos, por ser éstos una importante fuente de recursos alimenticios, aunque están en ambientes que soportan un fuerte impacto antrópico.

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