Reconstrucción del perfil de descartes pesqueros en capturas no declaradas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04723.08APalabras clave:
capturas no deseadas, descartes, pesquerías comerciales, descartes de arrastre, descartes de cerco, descartes multiespecíficosResumen
Para Portugal se estima que las capturas no declaradas representan un tercio de las capturas pesqueras totales. Aquí se aporta información sobre las descargas y las capturas totales no declaradas (descartes) por estrategia de pesca, detalladas al máximo nivel taxonómico posible, a partir del análisis de estudios científicos publicados. Los peces óseos constituyen el 93.5% (115493 toneladas) de las capturas no declaradas anuales, seguidos por los cefalópodos (2345 toneladas, 1.9%) y los crustáceos (1754 toneladas, 1.4%). Los peces cartilaginosos representan el 1.3% de las capturas totales no declaradas, con un volumen de 1638 toneladas anuales. La composición taxonómica de las capturas no declaradas se corresponde con las especies de mayor volumen en las descargas: Scomber colias, Boops boops, Trachurus picturatus, T. trachurus, Merluccius merluccius, Sardina pilchardus, Liza aurata y Micromesistius poutassou que conforman un 70% de las capturas no declaradas descartadas. El número de especies no declaradas/descartadas es más elevado en las pesquerías artesanales, seguido del arrastre y el cerco. En las pesquerías artesanales, el 76.4% de los descartes no declarados corresponden a L. aurata, S. colias, S. pilchardus, Trachinus draco and B. boops. En la pesca de cerco B. boops, S. colias y S. pilchardus, así como Belone belone, representan el 79% de las capturas no declaradas. En arrastre T. picturatus (16%), M. merluccius (13%), S. colias (13%) y M. poutassou (13%) proporcionan el 55% de las capturas no declaradas/descartadas. Las especies descartadas que más contribuyen al total de las capturas no declaradas coinciden con las especies más frecuentemente presentes en las descargas y que más contribuyen al volumen total de descargas.
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