Aproximación ecológica y epidemiológica para establecer la relación entre las proliferaciones de Ostreopsis cf. ovata y sus impactos sobre la salud humana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04395.08APalabras clave:
Ostreopsis, epidemiología, Mediterráneo, proliferaciones algales nocivas, dinoflagelados, irritaciones respiratoriasResumen
Las proliferaciones del dinoflagelado bentónico Ostreopsis en algunas playas del Mediterráneo se han relacionado con síntomas respiratorios agudos esporádicos y malestar general en las personas expuestas a los aerosoles marinos. Sin embargo, la relación directa entre las proliferaciones recurrentes de Ostreopsis y los problemas en la salud no ha sido claramente establecida. Con el fin de establecer esta conexión se realizó un estudio ecológico y epidemiológico conjunto en una playa afectada por dichos eventos. A lo largo de la proliferación, que se extendió desde finales de junio hasta finales de octubre de 2013, el 81% de la cohorte humana estudiada presentó al menos un síntoma relacionado con los potencialmente producidos por Ostreopsis. Paradójicamente, la mayoría de los efectos se produjeron durante un breve período de tiempo, a principios de agosto, coincidiendo con la transición de la fase de crecimiento exponencial de la proliferación a la fase estacionaria. A partir de agosto y hasta mediados de octubre, durante dicha fase estacionaria en que se mantuvieron concentraciones elevadas de O. cf. ovata, los síntomas fueron negligibles. Durante el período de tiempo con mayor afectación en la salud, no se observó un patrón claro en la componente de viento de mar hacia tierra. Nuestra hipótesis principal es que los compuestos irritantes presentes en el aerosol se producen durante una fase fisiológica particular de las células de Ostreopsis en un momento concreto de la proliferación.
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