Evaluación de la cohorte occidental de invierno-primavera del calamar volador neon (Ommastrephes bartramii) utilizando modelos de producción excedente dependientes del medio ambiente
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04205.11APalabras clave:
Ommartrephes bartramii, evaluación de stock, modelo de producción excedente, factores ambientales, Océano Pacifico NoroesteResumen
La cohorte occidental de invierno-primavera de los calamares voladores neon, Ommastrephes bartramii, es objeto de las pesquerías chinas de calamares que operan con jigging en el Pacifico Noroeste, desde agosto a noviembre. Debido a que esta especie tiene un ciclo de vida corto y es ecológicamente oportunista, la dinámica de este stock de calamares está muy influenciada por las condiciones ambientales, las cuales necesitan ser consideradas en su evaluación y manejo. En este estudio fue desarrollado un modelo de producción excedente ambientalmente dependiente (PEAD), para evaluar la dinámica del stock de O. bartramii. Se asumió que la variabilidad temporal de un hábitat favorable para el desove sea a una temperatura superficial del mar de 21-25°C (Ps), para influir en la capacidad de carga (K); mientras que la variabilidad temporal en áreas con hábitat favorable para la alimentación, fue asumida con diferentes rangos de temperatura superficial del mar en diferentes meses (Pf), para influir la tasa intrínseca de crecimiento (r). Los parámetros K y r en el modelo PEAD fueron asumidos como vinculados a la variabilidad temporal en la proporción Ps y Pf , respectivamente. De acuerdo a los valores del Criterio de Información de la Desvianza, el modelo PEAD estimado con Ps fue considerado el mejor, comparado con los modelos de producción excedente convencionales, así como otros modelos PEAD. Para este modelo el rendimiento máximo sostenible (RMS) estuvo entre 210000 a 262500 t y la biomasa al nivel RMS, entre de 360000 a 450000 t. Las tasas de mortalidad por pesca de O. bartramii entre 2003 a 2013 fueron mucho menores que la mortalidad por pesca a nivel objetivo y nivel de RMS (Ftar and FRMS) y la biomasa del stock fue superior a BRMS, sugiriendo que este calamar no estuvo en el estado de sobrepesca y el stock no fue sobrepescado. Los puntos de referencia de manejo (PRMs) en el modelo PEAD para O. bartramii fueron más conservativos que aquéllos obtenidos en los modelos convencionales. Este estudio sugiere que las condiciones ambientales sobre las zonas de desove deberían ser consideradas en las evaluaciones y en el manejo de stock de calamares en el Océano Pacifico Noroeste.
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