Characterizing the complexity of the fleet dynamics for an effective fisheries management: The case of the Cíes Islands (NW Spain)

Rosana Ouréns; Giulia Cambiè; Juan Freire

doi:10.3989/scimar.04228.08A

Autores/as

Rosana Ouréns Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University
Giulia Cambiè School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University
Juan Freire TEAMLABS

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04228.08A

Palabras clave:

pesquerías de pequeña escala, estrategias de pesca, dinámica de flota, esfuerzo pesquero, Galicia

Resumen

Este estudio analiza la dinámica de la flota pesquera en las Islas Cíes, localizadas en el Parque Nacional marítimo-terrestre de Galicia. Por medio de entrevistas a pescadores hemos identificado la flota en la zona de estudio y hemos obtenido datos temporales de esfuerzo y capturas. A continuación hemos llevado a cabo un análisis multivariante de los perfiles de capturas para identificar las estrategias de pesca y su dinámica temporal. Nuestros resultados resaltan la complejidad del sistema pesquero, compuesto por 565 barcos que usan 19 artes y 33 estrategias de pesca diferentes en un área de 26.6 km2. Las estrategias de pesca más usadas son nasas de pulpo y nécora, arte de enmalle fijo dirigido a la captura de pescadilla, trasmallos dirigidos a la pesca de centolla y maragota, rastros para almeja, y recolección manual de percebe y navaja. Cabe decir también que la mayoría de los barcos son generalistas y utilizan hasta 7 estrategias diferentes a lo largo del año. Esta flexibilidad de la flota para cambiar su especie objetivo genera una amplia diversidad de patrones anuales de pesca que todavía incrementan más la complejidad del sistema y la dificultad para gestionarlo. La implementación de programas de recogida de datos que incluyan la dinámica de la flota y datos espaciales son clave para desarrollar unas regulaciones de gestión efectivas y consistentes con la complejidad del sistema.

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