Factores ambientales que afectan a la comunidad de larvas de peces en las marismas del estuario del Guadiana (Algarve, Portugal)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04081.08APalabras clave:
larvas de peces, marismas, estuario del Guadiana, huevos de peces, disponibilidad de comida, eventos de inundación, caudal del ríoResumen
Las zonas de marisma en el estuario del Guadiana constituyen zonas de cría importantes para muchas especies de peces de valor comercial y recreativo. Deberían ser adoptadas unas medidas de protección más efectivas ya que el área está altamente afectada por amenazas tanto antropogénicas como naturales. El estudio de las comunidades de larvas de pez en estas áreas de cría más impactadas será relevante para la gestión del ecosistema local y para la ecología de las larvas de pez en general. La distribución espacial y estacional, y el efecto de factores ambientales en las comunidades de larvas de pez de este ecosistema fueron estudiados durante un año (abril de 2010- marzo de 2011). El muestreo de las larvas fue realizado mensualmente en paralelo con el de fitoplancton y zooplancton. También fueron monitoreados datos hidrológicos y parámetros físicos. Un modelo de Árbol de Decisión fue utilizado para evaluar la influencia de factores ambientales en la comunidad de larvas de pez. Fueron recogidos un total de 130 larvas y 1171 huevos. Diplodus sargus, Sardina pilchardus y Pomatoschistus microps fueron las especies más abundantes. Los picos de abundancia de larvas de pez ocurrieron en marzo y abril. Los resultados del modelo demuestran que la abundancia de larvas de pez viene determinada por la abundancia de huevos, la comida zooplanctónica, los eventos de inundación y el caudal del río. Este estudio muestra la importancia de las marismas del Guadiana como área de cría, y refleja la necesidad de conservar este área.
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