Alimentación de la sardina europea (Sardina pilchardus) en el Mediterráneo noroccidental: de post-larva a adulto

Autores/as

  • David Costalago Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC) -
  • Isabel Palomera Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.03898.06D

Palabras clave:

Sardina pilchardus, Mediterráneo noroccidental, ontogenia, ecología trófica, peces pelágicos pequeños

Resumen


Analizamos la importancia relativa de los diferentes tipos de presas de la sardina europea, desde post-larvas hasta adultos. Se usaron dos métodos diferentes de análisis de los contenidos estomacales para describir la dinámica trófica de la sardina y la relación de su comportamiento alimenticio con el desarrollo ontogénico de las estructuras corporales que usa en el proceso alimenticio, como las brianquispinas y los ciegos pilóricos. Esta información es esencial para obtener una imagen precisa de los recursos planctónicos de los que dispone la sardina en el área y para discutir de qué forma la población de sardina podría verse afectada por cambios medioambientales en el mar Mediterráneo. Mostramos que los cladóceros, en verano, y las diatomeas, en invierno, fueron los tipos de presas más importantes tanto para juveniles como para adultos. Sin embargo, las larvas de decápodos fueron las presas más importantes durante todas las estaciones en términos de contenido en carbono. En consecuencia, las diferencias metodológicas deberían ser tenidas en cuenta en el análisis de dietas. Con el análisis de la composición del plancton se mostró que los copépodos pequeños eran fuertemente seleccionados por sardinas de todas las edades y en ambas estaciones. También observamos que los ciegos pilóricos empezaron a crecer cuando las sardinas alcanzaban aproximadamente 4-5 cm de longitud estándar (LE), y su desarrollo acababa cuando las sardinas alcanzaban aproximadamente 8 cm LE, mientras que las branquispinas parecieron ser completamente funcionales cuando las sardinas alcanzaron los 7 cm LE. Por tanto, la alimentación por filtración de pequeñas partículas podría ser llevada a cabo con total eficacia cuando las sardinas tienen 7-8 cm LE. En vista de la ventaja energética de la alimentación filtradora en especies bien adaptadas a la filtración como la sardina, la potencialmente limitada disponibilidad de pequeñas partículas que ciertos autores han hipotetizado para el Mediterráneo podría tener consecuencias negativas para la sardina. Este estudio demuestra que las poblaciones de sardina, dada su extremadamente alta dependencia de los niveles tróficos marinos inferiores, podrían verse fuertemente afectadas por alteraciones en el medio y en la comunidad planctónica.

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2014-03-30

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Costalago D, Palomera I. Alimentación de la sardina europea (Sardina pilchardus) en el Mediterráneo noroccidental: de post-larva a adulto. Sci. mar. [Internet]. 30 de marzo de 2014 [citado 23 de febrero de 2025];78(1):41-54. Disponible en: https://scientiamarina.revistas.csic.es/index.php/scientiamarina/article/view/1494

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