La salinidad como el principal factor en la estructuración de comunidades de peces de pequeño tamaño en lagunas costeras mediterráneas hidrológicamente alteradas

Autores/as

  • Sílvia Rodríguez-Climent IRTA Aquatic Ecosystems
  • Nuno Caiola IRTA Aquatic Ecosystems
  • Carles Ibáñez IRTA Aquatic Ecosystems

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.03698.26B

Palabras clave:

comunidad de peces, salinidad, gestión del agua, Delta del Ebro, lagunas costeras

Resumen


Una de las mayores presiones antropogénicas sobre las lagunas costeras del Delta del Ebro es la entrada artificial de agua dulce. Cada laguna costera presenta medidas de gestión distintas que alteran profundamente sus propiedades fisicoquímicas. Esta gestión del agua tiene como objetivo favorecer algunas especies de aves con interés para la caza y/o conservación. El presente estudio evalúa la influencia de la alteración hidrológica en la comunidad de peces de tres lagunas costeras del Delta del Ebro. La fracción de la ictiofauna integrada por individuos de pequeño tamaño estaba mayormente compuesta por cinco familias: Gobiidae, Poecilidae, Cyprinodontidae, Atherinidae y Mugilidae. La salinidad fue el factor que más contribuyó a la estructuración de la comunidad de peces de las lagunas. Con valores máximos de salinidad, la especie dominante en las lagunas fue el Gobito (Pomatoschistus microps), mientras que la Gambusia (Gambusia holbrooki), una especie invasora, fue dominante durante el período con mayores aportes de agua dulce. Los juveniles de la familia Mugilidae presentaron valores bajos de Capturas por Unidad de Esfuerzo (CPUE), especialmente durante el período de menor salinidad. El mismo patrón fue encontrado para el Fartet (Aphanius iberus), especie en peligro de extinción. En general, las especies introducidas fueron favorecidas por una baja salinidad, hecho que subraya la importancia de modificar la presente gestión del agua reduciendo los aportes de agua dulce con el fin de mantener niveles adecuados de salinidad que favorezcan a las especies nativas, importantes tanto desde el punto de vista comercial cómo conservacionista.

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2013-03-30

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Rodríguez-Climent S, Caiola N, Ibáñez C. La salinidad como el principal factor en la estructuración de comunidades de peces de pequeño tamaño en lagunas costeras mediterráneas hidrológicamente alteradas. Sci. mar. [Internet]. 30 de marzo de 2013 [citado 22 de julio de 2024];77(1):37-45. Disponible en: https://scientiamarina.revistas.csic.es/index.php/scientiamarina/article/view/1443

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